BLOOD-VASCULAR SYSTEM OF THE LORICATI I21 
sac of a branch of the internal jugular with one of the external 
jugular. A sinus-like vessel connects the two internal jugulars 
in the eye-muscle canal. A small vein connects the posterior 
encephalic veins directly behind the cerebellum. The ventral 
intercostal veins anastomose dorsally with the main intercostal 
veins. The gall-bladder veins unite on the surface of the blad- 
der, and there are connecting vessels between the right pyloric 
ceca vein and intestinal vein,,. There is always some communi- 
cation between the two portals: either they terminate in a com- 
mon portal as is the case with Sebastodes and Anoplopoma, or 
terminal branch (a) of the left portal unites with the right portal 
as in Hexagrammos, or else there is a connecting vein in the 
neighborhood of the spleen as in Ophzodon and Scorpenichthys. 
If a posterior mesenteric vein is present as in Ophzodon and 
Scorpenichthys there is a grand anastomosis on the posterior 
or cardiac end of the stomach of branch Z of the posterior 
mesenteric with the right, left, and posterior gastric veins ; and 
branch Y of the posterior mesenteric, usually, anastomoses with 
intestinal vein,,. The anterior spermatic veins in Sebastodes 
unite with the posterior or spermatic vein proper, and in Scor- 
penichthys the left gastric vein anastomoses with the ventral 
gastric vein. 
In all the specimens studied there was the so-called choroid 
gland in the eye, a double vaso-ganglion or retia mirabilia, and 
a double retia mirabilia is also present in the air-bladder of 
Sebastodes. 
The arrangement of the vascular and the blood vessels in the 
pseudobranchial filaments is essentially the same as in the 
branchial filaments, and it seems reasonable to suppose that the 
arterial blood for the eye receives additional oxygen in its course 
through the pseudobranchial capillaries. 
Summary of the Arteries.—The carotids in all species 
studied, but Anxoplopoma, rise from a common trunk, which 
soon separates into the external and internal carotids. In 
Anoplopoma each of the carotids rises directly from the first 
efferent branchial artery. In every case the internal carotid 
divides into the orbito-nasal and encephalic arteries. In all the 
genera but Anoplopoma the main stem of the external carotid 
