I 38 BanGs, The American Three-toed Woodpeckers. An 
intergrade with true americanus is not known to me, but it is 
probably somewhere in northwestern Ontario. 
Picoides americanus labradorius, subsp. nov. 
Type, from Okak, Labrador, No. 1365, ¢ adult, Coll. of J. D. Sornbor- 
ger. Collected, June, 1895, by C. Schmitt. 
Geographic Distribution.— Whole Labrador peninsula, north to tree 
limit, south into Quebec. Exact western limit of range unknown. 
Specimens examined. — Total number 33; from the following localities. 
Labrador: Okak, 8; Nain, 4; Hopedale, 3; Makkovik, 4; (northern 
Labrador), 1; Black Bay, 2; Lance au Loup, 2. 
Quebec: Chaunay, 8 (not typical). 
Anticosti Island: 1, (@ juv., nestling plumage, probably this form). 
Subspectfic characters.— Larger than P. americanus bacatus, nearly 
equaling in size P. americanus americanus (wing of adult @, 116 mm.; 
of adult 2,113 mm.); ground color of back and wings jet black (brown- 
ish black in P. americanus bacatus), of head dark shining purplish blue- : 
black, the shining blue-black of head reaching farther backward, covering 
sides of neck, nape and shoulders, and in fresh plumage often the whole 
back; all the white markings on back and wings even more reduced 
than in P. americanus bacatus; primaries sometimes not tipped with 
white, and the white spots on back, wings and head smaller and fewer ; 
sides and flanks much more heavily marked with black —the markings 
themselves blacker and the pattern coarser; tail usually more barred 
with black, the second and third rectrices sometimes being barred nearly 
to the ends of the feathers ; crown patch of @ darker yellow, about ochre 
yellow (that of P. americanus bacatus being about gamboge yellow). 
Remarks. — Picoides americanus labradorius is the blackest of 
the American black-and-white-backed three-toed Woodpeckers, 
the ground color of the back being often as black and as shining 
as in ?. arcticus. It differs noticeably from P. americanus bacatus, 
the only form with which it needs comparison, in its deep black 
wings and back, the heavy markings on the sides, and the darker 
yellow crown patch of the males, besides being a good deal larger. 
P. americanus labradorius is generally distributed over eastern 
Labrador north to tree limit, and extends south into Quebec, 
becoming less well marked southward. ,A series in Mr. Brews- 
ter’s Collection from Chaunay, Quebec, I refer to this form. 
They average smaller, however, than birds from northeastern 
Labrador, but their backs are much blacker and the crown patch 
of the males darker yellow than in P. americanus bacatus. Taken 
all together they are evidently intergrades, though nearer the 
northern than the southern form. 
