144 Dwient, Moult of Quails and Grouse. Fen 
birds. Later plumages are repetitions of the winter and summer 
dress. 
Dendragapus canadensis (Zzmm.). CANADA GROUSE. 
Natal Down. — Above rusty buff with dusky mottling. Black 
spots at nostrils, on forehead, on lores and behind the eye. A 
rufous patch bordered with black on the occiput. Below pale 
straw yellow. 
Juvenal Plumage, acquired by a complete postnatal moult. 
Very similar to the adult female dress but browner above, rustier 
on the crown, neck and throat, whiter on chin, and with the pat- 
tern of the flank feathers quite different. A bird in my collec- 
tion (J. Dwight, Jr., No. 1367, @, Nova Scotia, August 9) shows 
new black, white-tipped body feathers laterally on the breast, the 
first of the winter dress. Of the remiges belonging to the juve- 
nal plumage, the first and second are nearly matured, the third is 
worn and with the buff edging of this stage, the fourth is a mere 
pin point, the others up to the eighth secondary (the eighteenth 
remex) are new and the remainder old. The rectrices of the 
first winter are partly grown. The sexes are alike in this 
plumage. 
First Winter Plumage, acquired by a complete postjuvenal 
moult. Young birds become practically indistinguishable from 
adults, the black areas, however, are less solidly black and the 
white edgings broader. October birds examined show no further 
signs of moult. It is of interest to note that the black feathers 
of the chin and sides of the head are basally white, those nearest 
the white markings, as the throat crescent and head spots, hav- 
ing the largest areas of white. Furthermore one web of the 
feathers situated at the side of the white areas may be white and 
the other black, —a point that is of more significance, as will be 
seen, in Lagopus. The amount of white in both genera is appar- 
ently greater in the younger birds. 
First Nuptial Plumage. — I can throw no light on the subject of 
a prenuptial moult. August birds in my collection are much 
worn about the chin, the area most involved when moult occurs 
in allied species. 
Second or Adult Winter Plumage, acquired by a complete post- 
