ee Dwicut, Moult of Quails and Grouse. 145 
nuptial moult, nearly completed except on the neck and throat as 
early as mid-August. Two males (J. Dwight, Jr., No. 1365, 
Nova Scotia, Aug. 9, and No. 1393, Nova Scotia, Aug. 13) 
have already lost the old distal primaries, the new ones being 
still somewhat pulpy and little of the worn body plumage 
remains. 
Later plumages are repetitions of those already described. 
Dendragapus franklinii (Doug/.). FRANKLIN’sS GROUSE. 
I have seen no material which throws any light on the moult 
of this species. 
Bonasa umbellus (Zzmz.). RUFFED GROUSE. 
es cy togata (Zizn.). CANADIAN RUFFED GROUSE. 
“ < umbelloides (Dowg/.). GRAY RUFFED GROUSE. 
iy ef sabini (Doug/.). OREGON RUFFED GROUSE. 
The material examined indicates precisely similar moults in all 
the races of this species. The renewal of the remiges by the 
postjuvenal moult begins when the birds are only about one half 
grown, a striking characteristic of all the Tetraonide, and I 
have been able to trace all the interesting stages of plumage in 
the young bird by a series of onasa that includes all sizes from 
the chick to the full grown bird. The moult of Aovnasa is typical 
of the whole family of Grouse and Quails. 
Natal Down. — Above chestnut, paler on the crown, mottled on 
the body; a dull black postocular line. Below pale buff or prim- 
rose yellow, brightest on the chin, and a faintly brownish collar. 
A downy chick of wmébellus (Amer. Mus. No. 25344, New York, 
May 27) has eight primaries and nine secondaries with their cov- 
erts barely breaking from their sheaths; the first and second 
primaries and the inner secondaries are not yet visible. 
Two chicks of wmbellus (Amer. Mus. No. 51447, New York, 
May 30, and L. B. Bishop, No. 2889, Connecticut, June 3) are 
slightly more advanced. Another of umdellus (L. B. Bishop, 
No. 2946, Connecticut, June 29) shows the distal pair of pri- 
maries, the rest of the wings better grown and new body feathers 
coming in at the sides of the breast and on the back at the root 
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