152 Dwicut, Moult of Quails and Grouse. Apa 
“five days old”’), is just beginning to show the sprouting juvenal 
remiges, the outer ones being least developed. Another chick 
(Amer. Mus. No. 26179, Labrador, June 29, “twelve days old’’) 
has the wing-quills and coverts well out of their sheaths, and 
some of the brown rectrices are beginning to show, together with 
a few dusky, white-tipped feathers of the humeral tracts. Still 
another (Amer. Mus. No. 26177, Labrador, July 22) is slightly 
more advanced, new juvenal feathers expanding on the sides of 
the breast, anteriorly on the back, on the rump, and on the lum- 
bar tracts, while eight primaries are partly grown, the first and 
second or distal pair of each wing not yet showing. Several 
specimens in the U. S. National Museum are well advanced into 
the next plumage and need not be particularly described. 
Juvenal Plumage. — 'Yhis dress is acquired by a complete post- 
natal moult beginning shortly after the chick leaves the egg and 
practically ends before the bird is more than half grown, the 
natal down persisting longest on the chin, throat, sides of neck 
and abdomen. This plumage is of the first type as shown by Plate 
I, Fig. 1, dusky above and variously barred, mottled and edged 
with rich ochraceous buff, many of the feathers being narrowly 
tipped with white, while a richer buff prevails below; the dusky 
markings are reduced to irregular bars, and to mere spots upon 
the chin and upper throat, where the buff is very pale and the 
feathers white basally as well as terminally. The abdomen (in- 
cluding the wedge of the ventral feather tract extending to the 
neck), the flanks, the crissum, the tibia, tarsi and toes become dull 
yellowish white, the flanks, crissum and upper part of the tibiae 
being obscurely barred and having a rusty tinge. It should be 
noted that the feathers adjacent to the mesial borders of the ster- 
nal bands approach type two, being dusky, often finely mottled and 
showing basally and terminally large areas of white. Similar feath- 
ers also grow at the postnuptial moult scattered irregularly, chiefly 
along the external border of these bands, but the two kinds may be 
distinguished by the greater wear showing upon the earlier devel- 
oped feathers. The juvenal remiges are grayish brown some- 
what mottled with buff, except the two distal primaries which are 
white, sometimes speckled with dull black terminally. The late 
development of the first and second primary, usually long after the 
