372 DwicutT, Moult of North American Shore Birds. a 
California, Mexico, and even Peru and Bolivia, which are in full 
worn nuptial plumage. Among others that have acquired much 
of the adult winter plumage may be mentioned the following, viz., 
Tringa canutus (U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 78419, 2, September 1, 
Florida), retaining only four old primaries; Actitis macularia 
(U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 134832, August 28, San Clemente Island, 
California), with only four old primaries left; Caldris arenaria 
(U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 128793, October 8, Aldabra Island, Indian 
Ocean) with three old primaries, and No. 151633, July 17, Vene- 
zuela, with three old primaries; Zofanus melanoleucus (Amer. 
Mus. Nat. Hist. No. 51240, 9, July 29), Arizona, with six old 
primaries ; JZacrorhamphus scolopaceus (Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. No. 
50585, d, July 5, Florida) with four old primaries; Avenaria 
interpres (G. B. Sennett, No. 5159, ¢ [= ], July 1, Texas), the 
distal or first primary still a pin point, the second just out of its 
follicle, the remainder full grown, while the third primary of 
each wing and the proximal secondaries are still pulpy. 
The beginning of this postnuptial moult, as well as of the post- 
juvenal, is shown by birds in almost every collection, the first 
feathers appearing on the humeral tracts, near their middle, and 
later, on the back and at either side of the breast. These feathers 
are fairly large, but come from very small follicles, so that the 
sheaths do not persist long and are often lost in the process of 
skinning, as I have learned by experience. The body feathers 
seem to come in less rapidly and more irregularly than with Pas- 
serine species, so that it is extremely easy to overlook their 
moult in studying dried skins. The renewal of the body feathers 
seems generally to be in advance of the remiges at the postnuptial 
moult, and to follow them at the first prenuptial. The tenth or 
proximal primary of each wing falls first, followed quite leisurely 
by the more distal, moult beginning among the secondaries with 
the distal member when only three or four old primaries are left. 
The inner secondaries, better known as tertiaries, precede the 
proximal primaries. ‘The greater coverts, and a band of the lesser 
coverts near the anterior edge of the wing, also precede them. 
The rectrices are not renewed asa rule before nearly all of the 
primaries have been replaced. The last feathers to be renewed 
are those of the chin, sides of head and mid-abdomen. A few 
