Vol. XIII 



I Young, Birds of the Coal Regions of Pennsylvania. -70 



from Schuylkill into Berks County, the fauna merges gradually 

 into the Carolinian, while in the northern portion of Luzerne 

 County the Canadian element is found. 



This region then, may be looked upon as intermediate between 

 the Carolinian fauna on the south, and the Canadian on the north, 

 which, together with the fact that ornithologists have given far 

 more attention to the country farther north among the higher 

 Alleghanies than they have to this section, makes it a field well 

 worth studying. 



The intermingling of Canadian and Carolinian species is well 

 illustrated by the occurrence of the Junco near Penn Haven 

 Junction, Carbon County, and the presence of the Yellow-breasted 

 Chat at Harvey's Lake, as recorded by Mr. Witmer Stone 

 (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1891, p. 431). 



The notes from which this paper is written were gathered dur- 

 ing June and July, 1895, while I was staying at Pottsville, Schuyl- 

 kill County. Although I covered a considerable range of territory 

 on various trips, the notes obtained are far from complete, as I 

 had very little time to devote to collecting, and consequently my 

 visits to many places were extremely brief. 



The bulk of my time was spent in the near vicinity of Pottsville 

 and in the neighborhood of Hazleton, Luzerne County, short trips 

 being made to Hamburg, Berks County; Rock Glen, Lumber Yard, 

 Nescopeck and Harvey's Lake, Luzerne County ; while some work 

 was done at Delano, Schuylkill County ; Mt. Carmel, Columbia 

 County, and along the Black Creek from Weatherly to Penn 

 Haven Junction in Carbon County. 



The appearance of the country throughout the coal-fields is bleak 

 and uninviting. The general altitude varies from 1000 to 1800 

 feet; in no case I believe exceeding 2000 feet. 



At Pottsville the Schuylkill River turns abruptly to the east and 

 follows a pleasant farming valley for about twenty miles to Tam- 

 aqua. This valley is the southeastern boundary of the coal beds. 

 To the northwest of it from near Mauch Chunk on the east to 

 some distance west of Pottsville, the country is hilly and broken ; 

 ridge succeeding ridge with long narrow valleys between, the 

 ridges rising usually not more than 100 to 200 feet above the 

 valleys. The barren, rocky soil is covered with a scanty growth 



