V0l i'8*6 I!I ] Baily, Birds of Northern Elk County, Pa. 289 



of our commonest birds. Every one knows in general what birds 

 eat during the winter, but few can tell you whether the Junco 

 takes any insects on the warmer days of January or not, or just 

 what the Chickadee is eating when he hangs head downward from 

 a lichen-grayed branch. We need more observers who go out- 

 with the spirit of the writer of ' The Brown Thrush in Eastern 

 Massachusetts.' 



SUMMER BIRDS OF NORTHERN ELK COUNTY, PA. 



BY WILLIAM L. BAILY. 



Published lists of the summer birds of Elk, McKean, and Potter 

 Counties, Pa., are so limited 1 , it is hoped that the following report 

 may be of some aid for comparison in our recent efforts to estab- 

 lish more accurately the breeding ranges of the birds of Pennsyl- 

 vania, which must be based principally upon a series of careful 

 lists and notes taken during the breeding season in localities 

 scattered all over the State. 



Few of us seem to have had the opportunity of visiting, for any 

 length of time, these counties, and although two weeks was the 

 limit of my stay, from the 18th of June to the 2d of July, 1894, I 

 was enabled, on account of fair weather, to give almost my entire 

 time to field work, so that my list ought to be fairly representative. 

 John Reese was with me on most of my trips and proved a most 

 useful guide and companion. 



The table-land which spreads over a large portion of north- 

 western Pennsylvania, and especially that of McKean, Elk, and 

 Potter Counties, is on an average almost as high as the crests of 

 the mountains running diagonally across the State, the great 

 topographical difference being that the table-land, which is sepa- 

 rated from the mountains principally by the west branch of the 



'"List of Birds observed near Bradford [McKean Co., Pa.]" by James A. 

 Teulon, Quarterly Journal Boston Zoological Soc, 1S83, p. 47. 



