292 Baily, Birds of Northern Elk County, Pa. [g" t k 



The avifauna of Elk and McKean Counties seems to have a 

 decided touch of the Canadian element, judging not simply from 

 the occurrence of certain northern types, but on account of the 

 number of the birds of each species, the first eight of the following 

 list being abundant ; /unco hyemalis, Dendroica ccerulescens, Dend- 

 roica maculosa, Dendroica blackburnice, Seiurus noveboracensis, 

 Troglodytes hiemalis, Tardus aonalaschkce pallasii, Sylvania cana- 

 densis, Vireo so/itarius, Certhia familiaris americana. 



All but the first and last of the following ten were, I think, 

 generally more common than they are in the Alleghanies : Nyctale 

 acadica, Sphyrapicus varius, Empidonax minimus, Carpodacus 

 purpureus, Ammodramus sandioic/iensis savanna, Habia htdoviciana, 

 Dendroica pensylvanica, Dendroica virens, Parus atricapillus, Turdus 

 fuscescens. 



Another feature in support of my remark, was the apparent 

 absence of all of the typical Carolinian, and more southern 

 species, many of which are occasional or common in the Alle- 

 ghanies, such as Dove, Quail, Acadian Flycatcher, Orchard and 

 Baltimore Orioles, Cardinal, Louisiana Water-Thrush, Chat, Black- 

 capped Titmouse, Brown Thrasher, Carolina Wren and others. 



I should not omit to note as an additional Canadian element 

 the common occurrence of Limenitis arthe7nis, a butterfly more 

 common in the Adirondacks of New York. 



As the title of this paper indicates, I shall only include in the 

 appended list the birds which came under my personal observation 

 unless especially noted otherwise. Following is the complete 

 list : 



(One Ardea viresccns, the Green Heron, was taken July 25 bv John 

 Reese and may have been migrating. There were very few suitable 

 places for Herons.) 



1. Philohela minor. Woodcock. — Several in an open grass swamp 

 close to the road; were said to have been plentiful several years ago. 



2. Actitis macularia. Spotted Sandpiper. — One on July S taken by 

 John Reese on Seven Mile Run ; identified. 



3. Bonasa umbellus. Ruffed Grouse. — • One cock, and June 30, a 

 hen with her brood were seen. Grouse are getting fewer every year. 



(Wild Turkeys, I was informed, had not been seen since 1S91, when 

 one or two were taken in the fall. Quail have been taken but are very 

 rare. The Wild Pigeon has not been seen since 1882, except one or two 



