212 



REVIEWS AVD EXTRACTS. 





7. Escutcheon Bvdding, with Pincers ; Greffe en Edit- 

 ion a Emporte -piece. (Jig. 4.) — A pair of pincers ought 

 to be made on purpose, with which a piece of bark i.s 

 taken off the stock. With the same instrument, or with 

 the blade of the grafting-knife, an escutcheon or plate of 

 bark, having a vigorous eye in its centre, is taken off a 

 young shoot of the tree to be propagated. It must be 

 exactly of the same size as the wound made in the stock, 

 in order to fill it with the greatest precision. When it is 

 properly fixed, it is supported by means of grafting-wax 

 or soft wax. This method is excellent for budding old 

 trees, the thick and rugged bark of which is not suitable 

 for the ordinary modes. 

 8. Escutcheon Budding, with the Eye turned downwards ; Greffe en Ecusson 

 a Rebours. — The escutcheon is cut in such a manner that the point of the 

 eye, when placed on the stock, is turned downwards, whether the incision in 

 the stock is made in the usual manner, or like a T reversed, thus, j,. By 

 this method, the buds are forced to grow in a direction opposite to that which 

 they would have taken naturally; but they soon resume their usual position ; 

 and the desired end, viz., that of increasing the size of the fruit by stagna- 

 (ing the returning sap, is thus by no means attained. 



!). Reversed Escutcheon Bvdding; Greffe en Ecusson renverse. (Jig. 5.) — 

 $ The escutcheon is prepared in the form of a triangle; but 



instead of bringing it to a point under the eye, it is pointed 

 above it. It will be perceived that the incision in the. 

 bark of the stock must be also reversed; that is to say, in- 

 stead of being in the form of an upright T, it must be like 

 ,1 a T turned upside down, as in the figure. To effect this, 

 the longitudinal incision is made above the transversal 

 one, instead of making it below it. It is finished with 

 ligaments and grafting- wax, as the preceding modes. In 

 comparatively cool and moist climates, like that of Britain, 

 the grafting-wax may be dispensed with in such cases as 

 this and the three or four preceding ones. This manner, 

 of budding is almost the only one used in the south of 

 Europe, particularly at Genoa and at Hieres, to multiply 

 It is also suitable for the propagation of trees having abun- 

 dant and gummy sap; and it might probably be advan- 

 tageously employed to secure the success of buds on resi- 

 nous trees. 



10. Budding resinous Trees ; Greffe en Ecusson d'Arbres 

 resineux. (Jig. (5.) — An incision is made in the form of T, 

 as if for an ordinary bud, in the bark of the stock. A 

 double incision is then made obliquely, about two lines 

 or two lines and a half from the upper part of T : this 

 incision should penetrate the bark to the thickness of 

 nearly a line, or so as to reach the soft wood. This mode 

 of budding succeeds not only on resinous trees, but also 

 on all those that have a gummy and very abundant sap. 



11. Covered Budding ; Greffe en Ecusson couvert. (Jig. 7.) 

 — The bud is prepared as usual ; but, when it is inserted 



in the stock, instead of a ligature, the lines of junction are covered with graft- 

 ing-wax: a piece of bark is then taken from another tree, 

 and, a small hole being made in the middle of it, it is placed 

 on the escutcheon, so as to cover the whole of it except the 

 bud, which appears through the hole, as in the figure. A 

 bandage is then put over the bark, to keep the whole toge- 

 ther. This mode of budding is rather too intricate for ordi- 

 nary purposes; but it may be worth adopting for rare and 

 delicate trees. 



12. Budding with a square Escutcheon ; Greffe en Ectlsson 

 earn. (Jig. 8.) — Three incisions arc made in the stock, one 



Orange trees. 

 6 



