1 00 Bedford and Bath or Berkeley Springs. 



of deposition,) were of an order very inferior in the scale of organ- 

 ized bodies, to those of C and D ; and, consequently, as we ascend 

 in the order of formation and position, the fossils present not only a 

 greater variety, but become more and more complex and perfect in 

 their structure and organization. Few localities present a more in- 

 teresting subject for observation and contemplation than Constitu- 

 tion Hill, and it is principally on this account that I have considered 

 it worthy of this notice. No one, on viewing the structure of this 

 mountain or hill, and duly weighing the various phenomena will 

 doubt that these deposits of organized substances must have taken 

 place at epochs far distant from each other, and moreover, that the 

 time required for their production, development, and perfection, must 

 have been sufficient for the inception, growth, death and sepulture of 

 these various races. This is demonstrated by the manner in which 

 the young of various kinds of shell fish are produced, (especially the 

 different species of univalves,) and by the diminutive size of the 

 young when cast, as well as by the fact that not only different kinds 

 are here presented to view, but that there are different sizes, espe- 

 cially of the univalves, some of them being more than twenty times 

 longer than others, and having, in innumerable cases, reached their 

 full perfection. 



Having given a superficial sketch of Constitution Hill, I shall in 

 the next place attempt a similar one of Federal Hill, on the opposite, 

 or west side of the valley. This hill is nearly of the same dimensions 

 at the base as Constitution Hill, but not of so great an elevation. Its 

 geological structure is nearly the same, except that no veins of organic 

 remains are perceivable. The southern slope is overlaid with sand- 

 stone, like the one on the east side of the valley, and in which are 

 organic remains, the same as are observable at the distillery before 

 mentioned. But I could find none of the specimens marked D. 

 Organic remains are however, observable in the limestone by the 

 side of the road, on the eastern slope and nearly at the foot of the 

 hill, for a quarter of a mile from the springs. At this distance stands 

 a grist mill, on the Shover Creek. Immediately opposite to this mill, 

 and on the west side of the road leading to Bedford, the hill presents 

 a vertical mural precipice of more than a hundred feet, and compos- 

 ed like the hill opposite, of stratified limestone. At the height of 

 about thirty feet below the summit of this precipice there is likewise 

 observable a vein of about two feet thick, and apparently filled with 

 organic remains ; but it being difficult of access without danger of 



