XXX FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 
Dammara is common to New Zealand, the Moluccas, and New Caledonia; Podocarpus is found in 
many parts of the world from Japan to the Straits of Magellan, from India to Tasmania and South 
Africa; but Thuja is absent from Australia, though found in most countries inhabited by Podocarpus, 
and in rather high northern latitudes of western North America. Several of the Conifere of New 
Zealand are alpine, as are others in many parts of the world. The absence of the whole Order in the 
Atlantic, in the smaller, remote, Antarctic and Pacific Islands, is one of the most curious features in 
its distribution and in their botany, for Conifere ascend the loftiest mountains of New Zealand and 
Tasmania. 
Scrophularinee includes many of the endemic species, thirty-three out of the forty being so. 
Of these, one of the two Calceolarias is very closely allied to a Chilian species; these and the Mimuli, 
a shrubby Veronica, and Ourisia further intimately connect the Flora with that of South America, 
as do other species of Veronica, Mimulus, Ourisia, and Euphrasia with that of Tasmania. 
The Epacridee all belong to Australian genera, and two are species of that continent and of 
Tasmania. 
Of Composite upwards of seventy-four are endemic, an enormous proportion, considering how 
fugitive their seeds are, and that the genera are almost without exception Australian. Araliacee are 
all peculiar, as are the greater number of Umbellifere, and all the Myrtacee, with one exception (a 
New Holland species), and all but four of the Ranunculacee. 
A close botanical relationship to other countries may thus be traced in most of the endemic genera 
and species. The exceptional genera are Iverba, which belongs to a Madagascar family (Brexiacee) ; 
Corynocarpus, which I have reduced to Terebinthacee ; Carpodetus, also of disputed affinity, which I 
place in Escallonie, and which is one of the few extra South American species of that Order, which 
is considered by some to be a tribe of Savifragee; Griselinia and Corokia, which I think both 
belong to Cornee, and which are also more nearly allied to some South American plants than 
to any others; Alseuosmia has no near known affinity; Phormium, which appears “sui generis,” is 
elsewhere found only in Norfolk Island; Nesodaphne, one of the two genera of Laurinee, is allied to 
a South American genus. 
> 
B. Plants common to New Zealand and other Countries. 
The remaining third of the New Zealand Flora may be divided into five groups, for ifistrating 
the relations of the plants to those of other countries,—viz., 
1. 193 species, or nearly one-fourth of the whole, are Australian. 
. 89 species, or nearly one-eighth of the whole, are South American. 
. 77 species, or nearly one-tenth of the whole, are common to both the above. 
. 60 species, or nearly one-twelfth of the whole, are European. 
. 50 species, or nearly one-sixteenth of the whole, are Antarctic Islands”, Fuegian, ete. 
1. Those of Australian affinity —The decided preponderance of Australian forms is not confined 
to this large number of absolutely identical species; I have shown it to prevail in the gencra con- 
taining peculiar species also. There are no Natural Orders in New Zealand which are not also 
found in Australia and Tasmania, except Coriarie, Escallonie, Brewiacee, and Chloranthacee. 
Upwards of 240 of the 282 New Zealand genera are Australian, and of these more than fifty are 
all but confined to these two countries. New Zealand, however, does not appear wholly as a satel- 
. lite of Australia in all the genera common to both, for of several there are but few species in 
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