XXXVI FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 
NEW ZEALAND, ETC. AUSTRALIA AND TASMANIA. TEMPERATE AND COLD 8. AMERICA. 
Prasophyllum Colensoi, H.f. Prasophyllum Australe, Br. 
Spiranthes Nove-Zelandie, H.. Spiranthes Australis, Br. 
Orthoceras Solandri, Lindl. Orthoceras strictum, Br. 
Thelymitra Forsteri, Sw. Thelymitra irioides, Sw. 
Mierotis porrifolia, Spr. Microtis parviflora, Br. 
Acianthus Sinelairü, Hf. Acianthus fornicatus, Br. 
Cyrtostylis oblonga, Ef. Cyrtostylis reniformis, Br. 
Adenochilus gracilis, HE. Eriochilus autumnalis, Br. 
Caladenia minor, Hf. Caladenia carnea, Br. 
Pterostylis graminea, ELE. Pterostylis longifolia, Br. 
Nematoceras macrantha, Hf. Corysanthes jimbriata, Br. 
Gastrodia Ounninghamü, Lf. Gastrodia sesamoides, Br. 
Cheiloglottis cornuta, HE. Cheiloglottis diphylla, Br. 
Enough is here given to show that many of the peculiarities of each of the three great areas of land 
in the southern latitudes are representative ones, effecting a botanical relationship as strong as that 
which prevails throughout the lands within the Arctic and Northern Temperate zones, and which is 
not to be accounted for by any theory of transport or variation, but which is agreeable to the hypo- 
thesis of all being members of a once more extensive flora, which has been broken up by geological 
and climatic causes. 
I have alluded to Pacific Island peculiarities in the New Zealand Flora; these are few, but very 
well marked by some otherwise local genera, as Coprosma, Astelia, Exocarpus, Dammara, Geniostoma, 
Cyathodes, Santalum, Elatostemma, Ascarina, Cordyline, and others, of which Ascarina is the most 
remarkable, as the genus has hitherto been found nowhere but in New Zealand and the Sandwich 
Islands. Until the New Caledonian and Hebridean vegetation especially is known, however, we 
cannot follow out this affinity, as I do not doubt that their rich floras will connect the Botany of the 
Pacific, Australian, New Zealand, and Malay Islands in a very remarkable manner, and exhibit affini- 
ties of the utmost importance. 
There has lately indeed been discovered a most remarkable and unique instance of represen- 
tation by close botanical affinity between very distant spots, viz. the existence of three of the most 
peculiar Antarctic, New Zealand, and Tasmanian genera on the lofty mountain of Kini-Balu, in 
Borneo, situated under the equator, viz. Drapetes, Phyllocladus, and Drimys*. 
$ II. ON THE VARIATION OF NEW ZEALAND SPECIES. 
The difficulty of reducing the variations of species or of their organs to any system is confessedly 
very great, and I have not the necessary materials for arranging such data as the New Zealand Flora 
affords; still there are certain facts which appear of great importance in the consideration of the 
general character of any flora, but which are almost invariably overlooked, because in the present 
* These formed part of a very small collection made by H. Low, Esq., most of which I have described in the 
* Icones Plantarum,’ vol. x.; they were gathered at about 8000 feet elevation, and consisted of a mixture of Aus- 
tralian, Antarctic, and Indian forms. Amongst the latter, many species of Rhododendron prevailed,—a genus un- 
known south of the equator in the Old World, and here associated with Dacrydium, Epacridee, and the above- 
mentioned Antarctie genera, which are almost unknown in the northern hemisphere. 
