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62 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [Haloragee. 
NAT. Og». XXVI. HALORAGEJE, Zr. 
Gen. I. HALORAGIS, Forst. (including Goniocarpus, Ken., and Cercodia, Murr.) 
Flores uni-bisexuales. Calycis tubus teres, angulatus v. alatus; limbus 4-lobus, lobis persistentibus. 
Petala 4, concava, decidua. Stamina 4-8 ; antheris longitudinaliter dehiscentibus. Stigmata 4, simplicia 
v. plumosa. Fructus nucumentaceus, indehiscens, 2—4-locularis. Semina solitaria, pendula; embryone 
axi albuminis carnosi, tereti; radicula hilo proxima. 
Erect, prostrate, or creeping, opposite or alternate-leaved herbs, smooth or scabrid. Flowers hermaphrodite or 
bisexual, axillary towards the ends of the branches, small, green or purplish, fascicled or racemose, generally 
shortly pedicellate, drooping. Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, rounded, angled, or winged; limb four-lobed. 
Petals four, deciduous, concave. Stamens four to eight; anthers two-celled, often bursting laterally. Stigmas four, 
sessile, simple or plumose. Fruit, a small hard nut, with a fleshy or coriaceous coat, which is rounded, angled, or 
winged; indehiscent, two- to four-celled ; cells with one pendulous albuminous seed; embryo terete, with two short 
cotyledons, and radicle next to the hilum.— This genus is most frequent in the Southern Temperate zone of the Old. 
World, especially in Australasia; and is also found in all parts of India. Juan Fernandez is its only South American 
habitat. (Name from drs, the sea, and pak, a grape-stone, from the form of the fruit of the original species, which 
grows near the sea.) 
1. Haloragis alata, Jacg.; erecta v. decumbens, ramosa, glaberrima v. scaberula, caule tetragono 
angulis leevibus scaberulisve, foliis petiolatis ovatis ovato-lanceolatisve acuminatis grosse serratis, floribus 
ramulis axillis foliorum racemosis v. subverticillatis, racemis foliosis, pedicellis calyce equilongis, fructu 
prismatico 4-quetro, angulis subalatis. Jacg. Ic. Rar. v. 1. é 69. H. tetragona, Herit. H. Cercodia, 
Ait. Cercodia erecta, Murr. DC. Prodr. A. Rich. et A. Cunn. C. alternifolia, A. Cunn, 
Has. Northern and Middle Islands; abundant on dry hills. Nat. name, “ Toa-Toa," D’ Urville. 
This plant is a native of Juan Fernandez, whence all the specimens I have seen are perfectly smooth, like many 
of the New Zealand ones, whilst others are more or less scabrid on the angles of the stem, leaves, and fruit. Stem 
herbaceous or procumbent, with erect four-angled branches. Leaves opposite, rarely alternate (3-13 inch), shortly 
petiolate, ovate, ovate-lanceolate or oblong, blunt or acuminate, sharply and deeply serrated. Flowers in axillary 
whorls or fascicles along the branchlets, which become leafy; racemes small, green. .4Anthers large. Fruit, an 
angular nut, 1 line long, covered with a coriaceous green coat, which is more or less produced at the angles into 
wings; the sides smooth or rough.—This is a very variable plant in size, foliage, and smooth or rough surface; but 
easily recognized by the little four-winged or four-angled fruit, crowned at the narrow upper end by four ovate, 
acute, conniving calyx-lobes. 
2. Haloragis (Goniocarpus) tetragyna, Lab.; rigida, scabra, erecta v. prostrata, diffuse ramosa, ramis 
4-gonis ascendentibus, foliis (4-6 lin.) oppositis duris coriaceis ovatis acutis sessilibus argute et pro- 
funde cartilagineo-serratis utrinque scabris, floribus versus apices ramulorum subracemosis axillaribus 
brevissime pedicellatis, fructu ovoideo 8-costato vernicoso rugoso v. levi immaturo hic illic scaberulo. 
Labill. Nov. Holl. v. 1. p. 39. t. 53. DC. Prodr. A. Cunn. Prodr. Üercodia incana, A. Cunn. Prodr. 
Var. 8; diffusa, ramis elongatis prostratis diffuse ramosis, foliis parvis (3—4 lin.). Cercodia procum- 
bens, Banks et Sol. MSS. 
Has. Northern Island; abundant in dry places, Banks and Solander, Cunningham, ete. 
A very common Australian and Tasmanian plant, scabrid with short, white, stiff hairs over every part. Stems sub- 
erect or diffuse, 3-8 inches long. Leaves (1-2 inch) opposite, sessile, rounded, oblong or ovate, subacute, rigid, harsh, 
deeply serrate, with cartilaginous margins. Flowers in the axils of the small upper leaves of the branches, which 
