128 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. | Composite. 
A very common plant in the Southern Hemisphere, and also found in various parts of Europe, as at Hamburg 
and in Spain, at the Cape of Good Hope, South Brazil, Australia, and Tasmania.—Smooth everywhere. Stems succu- 
lent, creeping, branching, ascending, 2-10 inches long. Leaves scattered, 3-2 inches long ; petiole amplexicaul, often 
dilated into a broad sheath, lobed or toothed; lamina lanceolate or oblong, variously cut, lobed, toothed, or pinna- 
tifid. Heads 1-1 inch broad, terminating the long, slender, naked, scape-like ends of the branches. Florets of the 
circumference with long stalks and broadly-winged achenia, which are covered with long glandular hairs on the 
inner face; the wing bifid at the top, and enclosing the style. 
2. Cotula australis, Hook. fil.; tenella, pilis laxis subsericea v. glabrata, foliis petiolatis oblongis pin- 
natifidis lobis linearibus subacutis bipinnatifidisve segmentis integerrimis, caulibus apice longe nudis graci- 
libus scapiformibus, capitulis parvis, involucri sub-2-seriati squamis membranaceis glaberrimis, flosculis 
radii 3-seriatis stipitatis disci paucis, acheniis radii obovatis late alatis ala crassiuscula apice bifida v. in 
tubum brevissimum producta. Strongylosperma australis, DC. Prodr. Ancyclus australis, Sieber, Plant. 
Exsice. An Cotula microcephala, DO., et C. sororia, DC., Drege in Hook. Herb. ? 
Has. Northern and Middle Islands; in waste places, frequent, Cunningham, ete. 
This also is a common plant in Australia, Tasmania, and New Zealand, and, if I do not mistake, is identical with 
a Cape of Good Hope species also, of which I have not examined ripe fruit. The genus Strongylosperma, to which 
De Candolle refers it, is founded upon Sieber's Ancyclus australis, of which I have examined authentic specimens, 
identical with this New Zealand plant. I do not find them to have rayed flowers with narrow ligule, as De Can- 
dolle states. Carl Koch, in the ‘Botanische Zeitung’ (vol. i. p. 39, January, 1843), refers Strongylosperma to his 
genus Pleiogyne, and distinguishes it from Cotula by the disc-flowers being few, and all, or a few of them, sterile, 
and by the tube of the corolla not being winged—characters which appear of trifling importance, for the disc-flowers 
of Cotula are generally only compressed (not winged), and the degree of imperfection of their achenia is a very 
variable character. C. australis may at once be distinguished from C. coronopifolia by its very slender habit, much 
divided leaves cut into pinnatifid narrow lobes, by the generally more or less hairy stems, branches, and peduncles, 
and by the numerous florets of the circumference, which have a much thickened wing. 
Gen. VIII. LEPTINELLA, Cass. 
Capitulum multiflorum, homogamum v. heterogamum, discoideum. nvolucri squame 1-3-seriales, 
late ovate: v. rotundate, marginibus scariosis sphacelatis. Receptaculum convexum v. conicum, nudum, 
papillosum. Flosculi omnes sessiles v. breviter stipitati : flosculi radii 9 , pluriseriales ; corolla compressa, 
inflata, latiuscula, tubulosa, ore incrassato 3—4-crenato; stylo exserto, bifido, ramis divaricatis : /loseuli 
disci 8, steriles, tubulosi, 4-5-dentati; staminibus 4-5 ; stylo exserto, stigmate disciformi subbilobo. 
Achenium fl. radii obovatum, obcompressum, marginibus incrassatis; fl. $ nullum v. breve stipitiforme.— 
Herbze monoice v. dioica. 
Creeping moncecious or dicecious herbs, often throwing out rooting suckers, smooth, silky, or woolly, with 
scapes bearing solitary yellow inconspicuous heads, which have no ray, and are button-shaped. Leaves pinnatifid. 
Involucral scales in one or many series, broad, with a membranous brown or purplish edge. Receptacle convex or 
conical, naked, papillose. Florets all sessile, or shortly stipitate :—those of the circumference numerous, in many 
series, female; corolla short, compressed, inflated, tubular, with a contracted small four-toothed mouth ; style exserted, 
bifid; achenium obovate, compressed, with thickened wings and no pappus :—florets of the disc hermaphrodite, tu- 
bular, with a four-toothed corolla, and a style ending in a cup or dise; achenium abortive.—This curious genus is 
confined to New Zealand, Tasmania, Lord Auckland’s and Campbell’s Island, Kerguelen’s Land, and Fuegia, whence 
eight or ten species are known. The most peculiar character consists in the inflated female flowers, whose corolla 
is formed of two layers, with an intervening hollow space (see ‘ Flora Antarctica,’ p. 28). The three Auckland and 
