E 
Composite. | FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 135 
Very curious, and generally minute, alpine, simple or branching herbs, often tufted and moss-like, with very 
small, smooth or woolly, loosely or densely imbricated leaves, and solitary terminal heads, sunk amongst the leaves 
at the ends of the branches. Heads many-flowered ; outer florets in one row, female, slender, tubular, three- to four- 
toothed ; inner hermaphrodite, tubular, campanulate, five-toothed. Involucre of several rows of erect scales, coriaceous 
or scarious, often spreading outwards when dry; inner scales as long as the florets, and, like the others, in some 
species radiating with long white ligule. Receptacle extremely narrow, convex, alveolate or fimbrillate or hairy, 
hidden (even after the florets have fallen away) by the involucral scales, which always connive at the base. Stamens 
of the disc-florets five; anthers with two (sometimes fimbriated) tails; arms of the styles generally protruded, 
truncated, hispid at the points. Achenia smooth, glandular, or pubescent.— The very inconspicuous plants forming 
this genus are difficult of discrimination, without great care and a magnifying glass. As a genus, it is not easily 
defined, except by its size and habit: it differs from Ozothamnus in the regular series of female florets; from Heli- 
chrysum by its habit, and very narrow receptacle; from Gnaphalium by the same characters. (Named in honour of 
M. M. E. Raoul, surgeon in the French navy, author of the excellent * Choix de Plantes,’ repeatedly quoted.) 
$ a. Involucral scales all similar ; none white or radiating. 
l. Raoulia australis, Hook. fil.; perpusilla, densissime congesta, foliis dense imbricatis patulis subre- 
curvis spathulatis obtusis crassiusculis concavis tomentosis albidis sulphureisve, involucri squamis exteriori- 
bus foliis similibus intimis scariosis linearibus obtusis flosculis æquilongis. Nobis, in Raoul, Choix de 
Plantes, p. 20. t. 15. 
Has. Throughout the Islands, in dry rocky places, and on the mountains ; originally detected by Mr. 
Bidwill on Tongariro; I have not seen specimens from north of the East Cape. 
Stems 3-13 inch high, most densely tufted, branched ; branches closely covered with small, coriaceous, densely 
imbricating leaves. Leaves 1-8 lines long, patent, recurved, spathulate, blunt, very concave above, generally thickly 
covered with white or yellow wool. Heads terminal, small. Involucral scales often spreading when dry, conniving at 
the base; the outer coriaceous, woolly; inner smooth, scarious, white or sulphur-yellow.—This beautiful little plant 
varies much in the size of the leaves, which are sometimes so small that the whole plant resembles a moss ; it is of 
a pale sulphur-colour. 
2. Raoulia tenuicaulis, Hook. fil.; caulibus gracilibus dense v. laxe ceespitosis, foliis laxe imbricatis 
patulis lineari-oblongis ligulatisve obtusis apiculatis acuminatisve glabratis sericeis tomentosisve, involucri 
squamis hyalinis apicibus discoloribus sphacelatis. Tas. XXXVI. A. 
Has. Northern and Middle Islands; on mountains, etc., Colenso, Bidwill. 
Similar in most respects to R. australis; but much more slender, and with longer, less densely-tufted stems. 
Branches short or long, sometimes trailing for 6-8 inches, slender, sparingly leafy. - Leaves spreading, linear-oblong 
or nearly lanceolate, sharp or apiculate, rather thick and coriaceous, more or less silky or woolly on one or both 
surfaces, sometimes smooth, except towards the point at the back, 1-2 lines long. Heads terminal, a good deal 
larger than the leaves, 4 inch long. Involueral scales imbricated ; outer woolly, coriaceous; inner scarious and 
hyaline, with brown tips; none radiating beyond the others, or white.—I have seen (and figured) an hermaphrodite 
flower of this species with three arms to the style.—PrATE XXXVI. 4. Fig. 1, 2, leaves; 8, floret of the ray; 
4, of the disc; 5, pappus; 6, stamen :—all magnified. 
$ b. Inner scales of the involucre longer than the others, radiating, tipped with white or all white. 
9. Raoulia glabra, Hook. fil. ; caulibus gracilibus elongatis ramosis laxe ceespitosis superne foliosis, 
foliis laxe v. dense imbricatis patulis lineari-ligulatis lineari-oblongisve obtusis superne concavis glaberrimis, 
capitulis majusculis, involucri squamis interioribus foliis similibus apicibus sphacelatis v. concoloribus 
intimis breviter radiantibus supra medium albidis. 
Has. Middle Island. Milford Sound, Zyall. 
