230 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [ Conifere. 
A lofty, handsome forest-tree, 80-100 feet high, sometimes 35 in girth at 5 feet from the ground. At Nelson 
Mr. Bidwill says it ascends from the sea to 3500 feet elevation. Branchlets pubescent. Leaves petiolate, 1-14 inch 
long, evergreen, not very coriaceous, oblong-ovate, deeply toothed; teeth smaller and blunt in var. 8, which has 
more coriaceous leaves, the base cuneate, entire. Male flowers in pubescent racemes at the end of the branches, 
three together at the end of a common peduncle, pilose or pubescent and viscid, five-toothed. Involucres broadly 
ovate; divisions broad, coriaceous, lamellate; lamelle entire or cut. Nuts winged; wings toothed at the apex.— 
Mr. Bidwill considers the varieties of this enumerated above as the same species; though they have a different 
look, which is, I find, wholly confined to the leaves of var. 8 being more coriaceous, with smaller blunter teeth. 
3. Fagus Solandri, Hook. fil.; arbor elata, sempervirens, ramulis pubescentibus tomentosisve, foliis 
parvis breve petiolatis lineari- v. ovato-oblongis obtusis integerrimis subtus albo-tomentosis, pedunculis fl. 
masc. brevibus 1-floris, perianthio eyathiformi, involucris parvis lamellatis tomentosis glabratisve, lamellis 
inagualibus integris dentatisve, nucibus alatis integerrimis. Hook. Ic. Plant. t. 639. Cliffortioides ob- 
longa, Banks et Sol. MSS. 
Has. Mountains of the Northern and Middle Islands, Banks and Solander, Menzies, etc. Nelson, 
3000-6000 feet, Bidwill. English name, “ White Birch,” Bidwill. 
A very beautiful lofty evergreen tree, attaining 100 feet in deep rich soil and 4-5 in diameter, varying much 
according to exposure (Bidwill). Young frees like young English Beeches. Old bark black, cracked; young white, 
smooth, like Birch, which the wood also resembles, being close, tough, white, not durable under exposure, with no 
conspicuous medullary rays. Branchlets very densely pubescent. Leaves small, shortly petiolate, 1—2 inch long, 
linear or ovate-oblong, blunt, quite entire, oblique at the base, finely reticulated above, covered with white appressed 
down below. Male flowers shortly pedunculate. Perianth solitary, broad, shallow, toothed. Imvolucres glabrous 
or tomentose; segments lamellate; lamelle unequally toothed or entire. Nut smooth or downy; wings entire, 
narrow. 
4. Fagus Cliffortioides, Hook. fil.; arbor v. arbuscula sempervirens, ramulis pubescentibus, foliis pro 
genere minimis breve petiolatis ovatis obtusis integerrimis subtus albido-tomentosis, pedunculis fl. masc. 
unifloris, perianthio cyathiformi, involucris pubescentibus lamellatis, lamellis dentatis, nucibus alatis. Hook. 
Ic. Plant. t. 673. 
Haz. Mountains of the Northern and Middle Islands. Dusky Bay, Menzies; top of the Ruahine 
mountains, Colenso; mountains near Nelson, 5000-7000 feet, Bedwill. 
Very similar indeed to F. Solandri, and also called “ White Birch,” but a more alpine plant. The most alpine 
tree in New Zealand, covering the tops of the Nelson Mountains (alt. 6000-7000 feet) with a dense scrub, 6 feet 
high, according to Mr. Bidwill. Zeaves the smallest of the genus, only 1-2 inch long, distinguished by their ob- 
ovate shape from F. Solandri. 
NAT. Og». LXXXII. CONIFERA, Juss. 
Gen. I. DAMMARA, Rumph. 
Flores dioici. Fu. 2. Amenta extra-axillaria. Stamina plurima, imbricata, subsessilia. Anthere 
loculis 8-15 cylindraceis, e basi connectivi duplici serie pendulis. Fr. $. Amenta terminalia. Syuame 
ebracteatee; ovula solitaria, inversa. Strobilus ovatus v. obovatus; squamis dense imbricatis, axi deciduis. 
Seminis testa late ineegualiter alata. 
The Kawdi, Cowri, Kaudi, Kauri, Kowri, or Cowdi Pine of New Zealand, as it is indifferently spelt or mis- 
spelt and pronounced, is too well-known a tree to require a detailed description for its identification ; I shall therefore 
