Conifere. | FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 231 
only briefly give its characters for the information of those who desire to understand something about its curious struc- 
ture.—Dammara australis forms a tall erect tree, with whorled branches in its young state, but it has, when old, a tall 
straight trunk, 80-100 feet high and 30 in girth, with a small bushy crown. Bark thick, yielding tears of resin 
in great profusion; enormous masses of a similar resin, many pounds in weight, are found in soil in many places 
far from where these trees now grow, and are presumed to have the same origin, but I have been told that no living 
trees produce such masses. Wood light, very strong, well adapted for shingles, masts, and many other pur- 
poses. A highly-magnified delicate transverse section shows rings of growth, and no ducts, but a mass of woody 
fibres so squeezed together as to look like a network of square cells; a thin longitudinal slice shows the tubes of 
wood to be marked with very curious discs. Such a structure of wood and such discs are common to all wood of 
this Natural Order, and almost identifies it; similar but not identical discs exist in Drimys and its allies. Leaves 
very coriaceous, scattered, in young plants lanceolate, 2-3 inches long, in old, oblong or obovate, glaucous, 1-13 
inch. Male flowers consist of lateral cones, 1 inch long and 4 diameter, covered with closely imbricating peltate 
scales, which scales are modified anthers, with short filaments and a broad, dilated, coriaceous connectivum, from 
which hang several cylindrical pollen-cells. Female flowers in terminal, large, obovate cones, with a woody axis, 
around which coriaceous imbricating glaucous scales are whorled. Ovules naked, without any kind of ovarium or 
perianth, solitary, one on each scale, inverted, the foramen pointing to the base of the scale. Fruit the well-known 
obovate cone, whose deciduous woody scales bear each a single much-compressed seed. Testa hard, with a broad 
wing on one side and a narrow one on the other. Hméryo in the axis of a fleshy albumen, with a cylindrical 
radicle and two blunt cotyledons. (Name from dammar, an Indian name for resin.) 
1. Dammara australis, Lamb. ; folis junioribus oppositis linearibus lanceolatisgue senioribus alternis 
obovatis obtusis enerviis, strobilis obovatis, squamis apice subacutis. Don, in Lamb. Pin. part 9. p. 14. t. 6. 
A. Cunn. Prodr. Agathis, Salish. Podocarpus? zamieefolius, A. Rich. Flora. 
Has. On the east coast of the North Island, from Mercury Bay northwards, Banks and Sol., etc. 
Nat. name, “ Kauri ;" “ Wari Kauri” of the fresh gum, “ Kapia" of that dug up. (Cultivated in England.) 
Gen. II. THUJA, Tourn. 
Flores monoici v. dioici, terminales. FL. 3. Amenta parva. Stamina plurima, axi inserta, laxe im- 
bricata ; anthere loculi 4, connectivo dilatato excentrice peltato penduli. FL. 9. Amenta minima. Sguame 
paucee, 4-fariam imbricate. Ovula squamulis gemina, erecta. Strobili squame laxe imbricate, demum 
lignescentes, clausi, demum patuli. Semina gemina; testa alata. 
The Arbor-vitee (or Cypress, as it is called at Nelson) of New Zealand belongs to a genus found in South Chili, 
Europe, and the Northern Temperate zone generally. Z. Doniana forms a large dicecious tree, 30 feet high, 3-5 in 
diameter. Bark stringy, also scaling (like Leptospermum). Wood fine-grained, close, heavy, dark, beautiful and 
durable. Branches tortuous, terminal, horizontal in old plants, vertical in young, like Cypress ; all pinnate, much 
flattened, uniformly covered with imbricating, coriaceous, small, ovate, rather blunt, broadly subulate or trian- 
gular leaves; young branches much compressed and broader, with the lateral rows of leaves longer; those on the 
upper and lower faces very small; in old plants nearly tetragonous. Male flowers in small terminal catkins, 4 inch 
long, scarcely broader than the tips of the branches, of 10-15 loosely imbricating anthers; filaments short; connec- 
tivum smooth, ovate, excentrically peltate; cells about four, pendulous from the connectivum. Female flowers also 
in terminal catkins of a very different form, composed of four coriaceous scales, the two inner much the largest, 
erect, horned at the back. Ovules two, at the base of the two large inner scales, erect. Ripe cone woody, i inch 
long; outer smaller scales sharp, inner longer, erect, blunt, all with a prominent curved subulate horn above the 
middle. Seeds four, erect, with a broad oblong membranous wing. (Name from 6vo, to sacrifice.) 
1. Thuja Doniana, Hook.; ramis pinnatim ramosis, ramulis foliosis compressis, amentis foemineis 
