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262 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. [Juncee. 
and females mixed, one of the former having generally two of the latter, one on each side of it; all sessile. Male 
perianih six-cleft, or of six ovate acuminate pieces in two rows, outer smaller. Svamens six, surrounding the rudi- 
ment of an ovary.. Female perianth also of six broadly ovate leaflets, rolled round one another, and enclosing a one- 
celled ovarium, with three sessile stigmas and a pendulous ovule on one side of the cavity. Fruit an ovoid drupe, 
= inch long, with a fibrous outer coat, membranous testa thickened on one side down the raphe, and horny albumen, 
whose surface is not ruminated. Zmbryo small, in the base of the albumen. (Name from Areec, an Indian word.) 
1. Areca sapida, Soland. ; foliis pinnatis, pinnis multijugis anguste lineari-lanceolatis replicatis termi- 
nalibus preemorsis, costis petioloque lepidotis, perianthii & foliolis exterioribus angustis interioribus ovatis 
acuminatis, 9 late ovatis, drupis ovoideis, albumine squabilii—Sodand. in Forst. Plant. Esc. 4. Rich. 
Flora. A. Cunn. Prodr. A. Banksii, Martius. A. Kentia, Banks et Sol. MSS. Tas. LIX. et LX. 
Has. Northern Island and north part of Middle Island, Banks and Solander, etc. Nat. name, 
“ Nikau,” Colenso. (Cultivated in England.) 
Mr. Cunningham has applied to this Palm Endlicher’s description, drawn up from Ferdinand Bauer’s drawings 
of Norfolk Island specimens. This does not agree with the New Zealand plant in the shape of the drupe, said to 
be globose in the Norfolk Island species. Mr. Smith (Royal Garden, Kew) has both in cultivation, and has shown 
me a very considerable difference in habit and in the breadth of their pinnules, those of the Norfolk Island Palm 
being twice as broad; but there is great variation in these respects with both species. Von Martius also separates 
them, but gives Forster’s name to the Norfolk Island plant, whereas Forster figured the New Zealand one only, to 
which the name of sapida must remain attached, whilst that of Baueri may be given to the Norfolk Island species 
if it prove really distinct. There is as much difference between the narrow and broad pinne of specimens of 4. 
sapida growing in Kew Gardens, as between the latter and the pinne of 4. Baueri.—PrATE LIX. and LX. Fig. 15 
male flower; 2, pollen; 8, female flower; 4, ovary ; 5, vertical section of ditto; 6, ripe drupe; 7, vertical section 
of ditto; 8 and 9, seeds; 10, embryo; 11, albumen :—all magnified. 
Nar. Orb. XCII. JUNCEA, DC. 
Gen. I. JUNCUS, Z. 
Perianthium 6-partitum, coriaceum, 2-bracteatum. Stamina 6 v. 3. Stylus brevis. Stigmata 3. 
Capsula 3- (rarius sub-1-) locularis, 3-valvis, polysperma. 
This genus, to which the various English Rushes belong, is found all over the world, and most frequently in 
temperate and very cold climates; all the species have slender, often jointed stems, called culms, full of pith, 
or sometimes hollow between the joints, and are leafless, or have grass-like, or terete, or compressed foliage. 
Flowers in terminal or axillary tufts, or branched. panicles, rarely solitary, generally dark brown. Perianth of six 
‘hard glumaceous pieces, with two bracte below, six (rarely three) stamens, a three-celled ovary, with a short 
(rarely long) style, and three long stigmas. Capsule three-valved, three-celled, with several seeds. (Name from 
jungo, to join ; the leaves being used as cordage.) 
$ a. Leaves none, or solitary. Panicles lateral. 
1. Juncus maritimus, Lam.; folis paucis omnibus radicalibus teretibus culmisque pungentibus, 
panicula composita erecta ramis compressis apice sub-4-8-floris, sepalis lanceolatis acuminatis, capsulis 
ellipticis subacutis perianthio equilongis, testa laxa utrinque appendiculata.— Lam. Encyl. Br. Prodr. 
Engl. Bot. t. 1125, A. Cunn. Prodr. ete. 
Has. Northern and Middle Islands, D’ Urville. Bay of Islands and east coast, Sinclair, Colenso, etc. 
Nat. name, “ Wi," or ** Wi-Wi" (for the whole genus), Colenso. (A native of England.) 
