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Juncee. | FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 263 
Culms 2-3 feet high, terete. Leaves one, or rarely two, sheathing round the base of the culm, pungent. 
Panicle of many, fascicled, erect, compressed branches, 4 inches long. Flowers red-brown, in pedicellate heads of 
four to eight. Capsule elliptical, acute, as long as the perianth. Seeds with a loose testa, produced beyond each 
end.—A native of various parts of Europe, North America, and of Australia, according to Mr. Brown, who says the 
capsule is oval and blunt, whereas it is described in books on British plants as elliptical and mucronated. 
2. Juncus vaginatus, Br. ; culmo aphyllo tereti basi vaginato, panicula laterali subumbellata, umbellis 
compositis, floribus aggregatis, capsulis ovalibus obtusis perianthium acutum «equantibus, testa utrinque 
breviter appendiculata. —Br. Prodr. Raoul, Chois des Plantes. J. tenax, 8 major, Banks et Sol. MSS. 
et Ic, 
Has. Northern and Middle Islands, Banks and Solander, Raoul, Sinclair, ete. 
My specimens are very indifferent, though received from various sources. Culms robust or slender, 2 feet 
high, leafless, with a few sheaths at the base. Panicle with spreading, often divaricating branches, subumbellate. 
Flowers pale-coloured, in terminal heads, spreading, not so closely pressed together as in J. maritimus. Capsule 
obovate or oblong-obovate, blunt. Seeds with the testa shortly produced beyond the apex.—This is also an Aus- 
tralian plant. : 
3. Juncus effusus, L. ; culmo tereti nudo basi vaginato, panicula laterali effusa v. contracta et pauci- 
flora ramis alternis gracilibus, floribus distinctis alternis, capsulis obovatis obtusis perianthium sub- 
zquantibus, testa laxa exappendiculata v. brevissime appendiculata.— Zinn. Sp. Pl. A. Cunn. Prodr. ete. 
J. tenax, 8 minor, Banks et Sol. MSS. et Ic. J. communis et J. filiformis, A. Rich. Flora. 
Has. Throughout the Islands; common in wet places, Banks aud Solauder, ete. (Native of England.) 
My specimens are more slender than the commonest English form, but not more so than it is often found to 
be in various situations, especially in Australia, Tasmania, etc. Itis found in most parts of the globe. I find the 
same plant in Herb. Hook., from Australia, labelled by M. E. Meyer ‘J. pallidus, Br. ; but the latter plant is de- 
scribed by Mr. Brown as having the branchlets of the panicle crowded and the flowers subimbricated, which is not 
the case with the Australian or these specimens.—Culms slender. Panicle effuse, branches slender. Flowers pale, 
scattered, alternate. Capsule blunt, about as long as the perianth, or longer, but variable in this respeot. 
$ b. Culms leafy at the base. Panicles terminal or lateral. 
4. Juncus planifolius, Br.; culmis basi foliosis, foliis planis culmo brevioribus longioribusve, cyma 
terminali decomposita capitata v. effusa bracteata, floribus congestis 3—6-andris, capsulis prismaticis tri- 
quetris mucronatis perianthio brevioribus longioribusve, seminibus striatis.— Br. Prodr. 
Has. Abundant throughout the Islands, Sinclair, Colenso, Lyall, etc. 
A common Australian and Tasmanian plant, also found in Lord Auckland's Group and in South Chili; very 
variable in stature, and form of inflorescence, and number of stamens (three or four), but always to be recognized 
from its New Zealand congeners by the flat grass-like leaves. Flowers generally chestnut-brown. 
5. Juncus cephalotes, Th.? culmo compresso, foliis involucroque monophyllo teretiusculis articulatis, 
cyma terminali v. laterali effusa, capitulis multifloris hexandris, perianthio acuminato striato, capsulis 
prismaticis perianthium eeguantibus. An J. prismatocarpus, Br. Prodr. ? 
Has. Northern Island. East Coast, Colenso. 
I have only tops of culms from Mr. Colenso, which quite resemble a Cape and Australian Species, and also the 
J. striatus of Europe. It may be recognized from all the larger New Zealand species by the leaves and culms being 
knotted or jointed. As in J. planifolius, the cymes are sometimes reduced to a ball of pale flowers, at other times 
the branches spread. Seeds deeply striated and transversely rugose: in this respect, and in the hexandrous flowers, 
it differs from Mr. Brown's description of J. prismatocarpus. 
