Lichenes.~\ 



FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 



285 



according to Taylor. Pries evidently includes P. proboscidea, Tayl., and P. perforata, Ach., under his P. per- 

 forata, as well as forms (marginibus elevato-pulverulentis) which Dr. Taylor would call P. perlata or P. reticulata; 

 the two last-named plants differ very little. In P. reticulata " the surface is marked (towards the edges) with mi- 

 nute, whitish, elevated, reticulated lines," which are absent in P. perlata; in P. reticulata the soredia are coarse- 

 grained, "and extend from the margin towards the axis of the lobes," being in P. perlata "greyish, elongate, 

 curved, marginal clusters." Both forms are found fertile in New Zealand, and have been referred by Dr. Taylor to 

 his two species above named. 



2. Parmelia proboscidea, Tayl.!; thallo orbiculari glauco-viridi, sicco albido griseo, subtus atro-fibril- 

 loso, lobis latis planiusculis rotundatis crenatis, sorediis corattineis apice fuscescentibus ciliis intermixtis, 

 apotheciis anguste stipitatis disco concavo (rarins perforato), margine et excipulo sorediis exasperato. — 

 Tayl. in Mack. Fl. IIib.pt. %. p. 143. Fjuscl. Lid. Antarct. n. 64, ut supra. 



Hab. Northern Island, /. D. II. 



3. Parmelia perforata, Ach., Syn.p. 198. Tayl. I Fl. Hibem. pt. 2. p. 140-141. 

 Hab. Northern and Middle Islands, Colenso (very fine), Rami. 



Thallm very thick, tough, destitute of stipitate buds (coralline soredia), finely reticulato-rugose. ApotJiecia 

 very large, with tubular podetia, generally perforated by reason of the expansion of the disc and the inability of the 

 excipulum to keep pace with it. (See Esehweiler in Mart. Fl. Brasil. p. 207.) Cilia of the thallus longer and 

 stouter than in P . proboscidea, according to Dr. Taylor, from whom most of these remarks are derived. Fries 

 partly distinguishes P. perforata from P. perlata by the ciliated lobes of the former plant; but this character cannot 

 well be relied on. The distinctness or identity of these three Lichens depends very much upon the resolution of this 

 question : Can one and the same Parmelia produce sometimes pulverulent marginal soredia, sometimes scattered 

 coralline ones, and at other times show no tendency to produce either ? Dr. Taylor, in his ' Irish Flora,' has all along 

 assumed the negative, and distinguished his species accordingly. Upon the whole, we are of the contrary opinion, 

 but have preferred to allow these plants to stand apart, as they are separated by his characters, in order to attract 

 attention to them. If his principle be admitted, and can be extended to other genera by analogy, other Lichens, 

 e.g. our Nephroma resupinatum, var. rufum, must be specifically distinguished. P. perforata seems to affect warmer 

 climates more exclusively than the two preceding (as the East Indies and tropical America), and none of them are 

 found in the extreme northern or extreme southern regions; "inEuropa boreali P. perlata prorsus desideratur" 

 {Fiies) ; it does not occur in his Summa Veg. Scandinavise. 



4. Parmelia saxatilis, Ach., Syn. Inch. p. 203. 

 Hab. Northern Island, Colenso. (Fertile.) 



A plant very generally diffused over the temperate and polar regions of both hemispheres, extending in each to 

 the utmost limit of vegetation. It is also found within the tropical zone, probably at a considerable elevation, as 

 in the Andes of Mexico, according to Dr. Hooker; also in South Brazil and the Mauritius (Esehweiler). The New 

 Zealand specimens perhaps belong to P. sulcata, Tayl. !, distinguished from P. saxatilis by not having isidiophorous 

 processes, but pulverulent soredia on the ridges, as well as by a somewhat different habit ; but these have neither 

 soredia nor coralline processes. 



5. Parmelia tiliacea, Ach., Syn. Lich.p. 199. Schmr.l Em. n. 358. 

 Hab. Northern Island, Colenso. (Fertile.) 



Specimens more rugose and more finely divided than usual, but evidently only a form of this species. Found 

 also in Tasmania; a very aged specimen from New Holland (Swan River), in Herb. Hook., appears to belong to 

 this Lichen (P. endoleuca, Tayl. ! hi Hook. Lond. Journ. vol. vi. p. 167). Widely diffused over Europe, from 

 Spain to Lapland, but local (Fries) ; found also in the Canary Islands and the Indian peninsula (Montagne), and 

 lately collected in the Himalaya Mountains by Messrs. Straehey and Winterbottom. Common also in North 

 America (Tuckermann). 



VOL. II. 4 D 



