286 



FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND. 



\Lichenes. 



P. enteromorpha, Ach. Syn. Lick. p. 



6. Parmelia physodes, Ach., Syn. Lick. p. 218. 

 Var. /S. enteromorpha, Tuckerm., Syn. N. Amer. Lich. p. 28. 



219. Eoolc.fil.l Fl. Antarct.p. 532 cum syn. 



Hab. Northern Island, Colenso. (Barren.) Var. (3. Northern and Middle Islands, Colenso, Lyall. 

 Fertile, and apparently more common than the preceding. 



In /3 the habit is different, the lacunae being lax and more elongated, but " evidently passing into a," according 

 to Mr. Tuckermami. Its claims to be considered as a distinct species arc considered doubtful by Dr. Hooker (I. c). 

 This very polymorphous species occurs commonly in the Old and New World, from the Polar regions to the vicinity 

 of the tropics {e.g. California and the Canary Islands), and is even to be met with a little within them, as in the 

 Mauritius, according to Dr. Hooker. Whether it has been met with nearer to the equator we know not. 



7. Parmelia diatrypa, Ach., Syn. Lich.p. 219. P. terebrata, <'Mart.Fl. Crypt. Erlang." Tucherm. 

 Syn. N. Amer. Lic/t. p. 28. P. pertusa, Sohmr. ! Exs. n. 365. Emm. Grit. Lick. Mr. p. 43. P. physodes 

 var. {' monstrositas tantum est), Fries, Licit. Europ. p. 64. Esckweiler in Mart. Ft. Brasil. p. 203. 

 Mont. Voy. au Pole Sud, p. 182. 



Hab. Northern Island ; apparently common, Colenso, etc. (Fertile.) 



Many distinguished Lichenists unite this to the preceding, but it seems to be distinct ; the terebratious are 

 exceedingly constant, as I have repeatedly observed while botanizing in the Alps, and besides the habit is different, 

 the plant being more appressed. If it be a mere monstrosity, it is not easy to see why it should be so rare in Bri- 

 tain, while the former is so common. In New Zealand, if one may judge by the amount collected, the converse 

 appears to be the case, P. diatrypa being abundant and P. physodes rare.— Found over a great part of the cold and 

 temperate zones of both hemispheres ; also in the Sandwich Islands (Hook. fil). 



8. Parmelia olimcea, Ach., Syn. Lich.p. 200. P. imitatrix, Tayl.l in Hook. Land. Joum. Lot. v. 6. 

 p. 161. 



Hab. Northern Island ; on stone, fertile, Colenso. 



This Lichen is perhaps as variable in our antipodes as with ourselves. All Mr. Colcnso's specimens are on 

 stone, but some of them have long linear lobes, about £ of an inch wide, while in others the thallus is diminished 

 into a rough stellated crust, with exceedingly narrow lobes ; the colour is of all shades, between olive-green and 

 umber. None of them have soredia or coralline processes.— A very common plant in the temperate and cold re- 

 gions of the northern hemisphere, both in Europe and America. Dr. Hooker has collected it in Tasmania, and 

 Drummond on the Swan River, Australia. 



9. Parmelia conspersa, Ach., Syn. Lich.p. 209. 



Hab. Northern and Middle Islands ; on stone, probably common, Colenso, Lyall, etc. (Fertile.) 

 Variable as to the mode of division of the thallus ; some specimens resemble our common form, others are 

 more like var. stenophjlla, Ach., Moug. ! Exs. n. 940, but arc more handsome, the lobes being more free, and of a 

 more craeeful, undulating form. Some specimens are isidiophorous. P. Tasmanica, Tayl.! Lieh. Ant. n. 70, is 

 merely a fine lar°-e state of the common P. conspersa, without a single character to distinguish it. I am quite at a 

 loss to perceive on what principle Dr. Taylor has called some specimens by one name and some by another in the 

 Hookerian Herbarium ; this form has been collected by Hooker in New Zealand as well as in Tasmania. — Widely 

 spread over Europe and North America, and reaching to the Arctic Circle. Found also in the Canary Islands. In 

 the southern hemisphere it is perhaps less general ; an Amazonian Lichen, however, mentioned by Eschweiler, 

 seems to be a form of it (Mart. Fl. Brasil. p. 210). I have a specimen from (tropical or subtropical?) South 

 America, growing with Grammilis serrulata, Sw., and another from the Mauritius, but it is absent from the ' Flora 

 Antarctica.' P. mulabilis, Tayl.! (in Hook. Load. Joum. Bot. vol. vi. p. 171), collected in Uitenhage by Zeyher, 

 seems to me in no way different from P. conspersa. 



