Lichenes.~\ 



FLORA OP NEW ZEALAND. 



291 



appear to be at all foliaceous, but the minute scales grow close to the black hypothallus ; apothecia red, not unlike 

 P. erythroearpia, Pries ; but the thallus is more like the young- scales of P. ruUginom. " Parmelice mu'scorum ut et 

 P. amniocolm proxima. Species omnino distincta." Montague, I. c. 



27. Parmelia muscorum, Pries, Lich. Europ.p. 95. Lecanora muscorum, Ach. Syn. Lich. p. 193. P. 

 carnosa, Schmr.! Exs. n. 482 (sterilis). 



Hab. Northern Island, Bay of Islands, fertile, J. B. II. 

 A little-known species, confined principally to the north of Europe, but found also in the Falkland Islands. 



28. Parmelia Femsjonensis ?, Fries, Lich. Fur op. p. 98. 



Hab. Northern Island, on Moss, spreading over bark, Colenso. 



Very like P. hjjmorum, Fries, but the crust is differently coloured, and the much cut margin of the apothecia 

 is smooth. I have no authentic specimen of this Scandinavian Lichen, but imagine from the description that Mr. 

 Colenso's plant is the same as that of Fries.— Found also in Tasmania. 



§ 4. Placoditjm, Pries. 



29. Parmelia getida, Ach., Meth. Lich. p. 188. Fries, Lich. Fur op. p. 104. Urceolaria macroph- 

 thalma, TayU Lich. Ant. n. 36. Lecidea marmorea ejusd. n. 9 {non Ach.). 



Hab. Northern Island, fine and fertile, Colenso. 



An alpine species, inhabiting Northern Europe and Iceland. Found also abundantly in Kerguelen's Land by 

 Dr. Hooker. 



30. Parmelia coarctata, Ach., Meth. Lich. p. 158. Fries, Lich. Fur. p. 104. 

 Hab. Northern Island, Colenso. 



Crust granulated (var. 8, Fries), better developed than is usual in British specimens.— General throughout 

 Europe, and we have received a specimen from Chili from Dr. Montagne. 



31. Parmelia/w^e»«, Ach., Meth. Lich. p. 192. Fries, Lich. Eur. p. 119. 

 Hab. Northern Island, fine and fertile, Colenso. 



Found in Europe generally, but local, reaching from the South to the Arctic Ocean; collected in the Canaries 

 (Montagne), and in Malta by myself; occurring also in the alps of the Caucasus (Belanger).— Referred to Biatora 

 by Fries in Summ. Veg. Scand. Lich. 



32. Parmelia elegans, Ach., Meth. Lich. p. 193. Fries, Lich. Europ.p. 114. 

 Hab. Northern Island, on pebbles, etc., very fine, Colenso. 



Thallus in aged specimens becoming white, in blotches, by discoloration. Segments sometimes constricted, and 

 seeming as though inflated.— P. elegans penetrates as near perhaps to the North and South Poles as any vegetation 

 extends. Mr. Sutherland has recently brought specimens from Prince Alfred's Bay, latitude 76° 25' N, and Captain 

 Parry found it in Melville Island ; while Dr. Hooker observed a small form of it staining the face of the rocks "on 

 the extreme limit of southern vegetation," in Cockburn Island, latitude 64° 13' S. This pretty Lichen evidently 

 agrees with the poet, " Fortibus omne solum patria est," for, to say nothing of other intermediate stations, it takes 

 up an equidistant position on the globe in the Abyssinian Alps; sometimes it occurs at the sea-level, sometimes, 

 as in the Himalaya mountains, it rises to 18,000 feet. 



33. Parmelia cmrea, A. Rich.; " thallo crustaceo suborbiculari albido maculis luteis latis irregulari- 

 bus sparsis subelevatis notato glabro irregulariter inciso, lobis bullatis divisis superpositis obtusis subtus 

 concolori glabro, apotheciis subsessilibus centro affixis luteis planis margine integro vix prominulo."— J 

 Rich. Fl. N. Zel. p. 23. 7oy. de I'Astrol. t. 8./. 1. 



Hab. Middle Island : Astrolabe Harbour, on trees and rocks, 11 Urvitte. 



