146 CRYPTOGAMIA ANTARCTICA. [Puegia, the 
16. BULGARIA, Fries. 
1. BULGARIA arenaria, Lév., Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 3. vol. v. p. 253. Lycoperdon arenarium, Pers. 
in Preye. Voy. p. 119. t.1. f. 2. Gaud. l.e. 
Has. Falkland Islands; “trös-commun en Mars et Avril, au sommet des dunes de sable qui bordent 
le contour de la baie Francaise au Camp de l'Uranie." 
This species unfortunately was not found during the visit of the Erebus and Terror. M. Léveillé has had an 
opportunity of inspecting an original specimen, and finds its slender asci to contain simple sporidia. 
17. CYTTARIA, Berk. 
1. Cyrrarta Hookeri, Berk.; parva, turbinato-obovata, obtuse papillata, pallide fusca, cupulis paucis. 
(Tas. CLXIT. Fig. I.) 
Has. Hermite Island, Cape Horn; on living branches of the Deciduous Beech. 
Receptacula communia obovata, e disco oblongo corticali enata, 3-1 unc. alta, }—$ une. crassa, basi attenuata, 
apice obtuse papilleformi, pallide fusca, glabra; contextu ut in aliis speciebus gelatinoso-carnoso, e fibris anastomo- 
santibus; cupulis paucis, primum materie gummosa repletis, demum vacuis ; ascis linearibus truncatis, paraphysibus 
linearibus quandoque furcatis immixtis. Sporidia ignota. 
The genus Cyttaria is peculiar to the Southern hemisphere, and unless Commerson's habitat, to be mentioned 
presently, should prove correct, to the more temperate latitudes. All the species known at present grow on living 
beech; Cyttaria Berteroi on Fagus obliqua, the Fuegian species on Fagus betuloides, that of Tasmania on Fagus Cunn- 
inghami, and Cyttaria Hookeri on Fagus Antarctica. The species, on which Cyttaria disciformis, Lév., grows, has not 
been ascertained. It is probable that the genus occurs also in New Zealand, where there is a species of beech closely 
allied to Fagus Cunninghami. There exists, indeed, in Monsieur B. Delessert’s Herbarium, a species purporting to 
have been collected in the Isle. of Bourbon, by Commerson, but though the locality* is very precisely indicated, 
it is probable, both on account of the difference of climate and the absence of the genus Fagus in that island, that 
there is some mistake about the specimen. 
All the species seem to grow from a distinct disc, which doubtless, as in Podisoma, produces a fresh crop every 
season. The disc bursts through the cuticle, and is formed either entirely of the lower portion of the bark, or of 
that and the upper stratum of the wood, which are split longitudinally or in the direction of the medullary rays, the 
fissures being traversed by loose threads of mycelium. Sometimes, also, there are traces of mycelium in portions of 
bark where no disc has been protruded. The structure of the bark is often much deranged, and sometimes quite 
disorganized. The base of the receptacles is attenuated, and penetrates generally to the dotted vessels. In Cyttaria 
Gunnii, which seems more truly cortical, there appears always to be a fascicle of such vessels in connexion with the 
base penetrating through the cortical stratum. I do not find this to be the case in Cyttaria Hookeri. The structure 
of the substance of the receptacles is so different in the plant when dry, from that in the same species when 
* The label attached to the specimen is literally as follows :— 
* ELVELA CLATHRUS: sessilis scutellee instar concava, brunnea subterius murina Commerson. Vel acaulis 
scutelliformis in concavitate fusca subterius e murino cinerascens. Comm. Entre la Riviére du Rampart et Langevin 
St. Vincendan, à Bourbon. 
Envoié à M. Linné sous le No. 1 (inconnu à M. Linné) An. 1779." (Such appears to be the date, but 
Commerson died at the Isle of France, in 1773, and the elder Linneeus in 1778. 
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