ho 
214 CRYPTOGAMIA ANTARCTICA. [Puegia, the 
Bory in Duperrey, Voy. Bot. p. 240. Mont. in Voy. au Pole Sud, Bot. Crypt. p.201. U. sphacelata, Brown, 
in Parry, lst Voy. App. p.307. Hook. Plant. Arct. in Linn. Soc. Trans. vol. xiv. p. 384. Bot. Miscell. 
vol. i. p. 15. t. 19. U. fasciata, Torrey, in Silliman Journ. vol. vi. cum ic. Hook. Bot. Miscell. vol. i. p. 14. 
t.11. U. aurantiaco-atra, D’ Urv. in Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris, vol. iv. p.596. Cornicularia flavicans, Persoon, 
in Freye. Voy. Bot. p. 910. Lichen aurantiaco-ater, Jacg. Miscell. (fid. Acharius). 
Var. a. Acharii; robusta, thallo scabrido, apotheciorum marginibus nudis.—U. melaxantha, Ach. l. c. 
Var. 8. Jacquinii ; robusta, thallo leevi.—Lichen aurantiaco-ater, Jacq. Û. c. 
Var. y. fasciata; robusta, thallo tuberculato, ramulis pluries divisis capillaceo-attenuatis, apotheciis 
extus tuberculatis.—U. fasciata, Torrey, ۰ 
Var. 8. sphacelata; gracilis, thallo levi pruinoso v. tuberculato fruticuliformi ramosissimo, ramulis 
capillaribus.—U. sphacelata. Brown, 2. c. 
Has. Throughout Tierra del Fuego and the Falkland Islands; on exposed rocks, from the sea to 
2,000 feet, most abundant. New South Shetlands; Webster, Dr. Fights. 
Perhaps the handsomest of all Lichens, whether we regard its colour, stature, or mode of growth, and yet so 
variable in all these points, that the extremes are scarcely recognizable. In size it varies from a few lines or an 
inch, with capillary stem and branches, to four inches, with a woody stem a quarter of an inch in diameter. The 
colour is sometimes wholly (especially in var. 8) black, at others uniformly yellow, but most frequently banded with 
black, especially towards the apices of the ramuli. Old specimens turn tawny red, as do all when, after being 
dried, they are soaked in warm water. The apothecia are yellow, grey or deep black. The surface of both the 
stems and the back of the apothecia is more or less tuberculated or pruinose, smooth or much wrinkled, naked or 
more or less covered with longer or shorter horizontal terete acuminated ramuli. The apothecia vary exceedingly 
in breadth, from two or three lines to almost half an inch; their margins are smooth, tuberculated or beset with 
branching ramuli; they are generally terminal, but the younger appear lateral when subtended by a branch. 
It is in the Falkland Islands that this species most abounds, covering the surface of the Quartz rocks with a 
miniature forest, seeking the most exposed situations, and there attaining its greatest size and beauty. In these © 
Islands, too, all the five varieties I have enumerated may be collected within a few feet of one another, and so 
associated as to leave little doubt that they are states depending on age, rather than marked races. The var. 8. 
especially, is certainly only an undeveloped state, which does not bear soredia in the Antarctic regions; or 
apothecia either in Tasmania or in the Arctic latitudes, where soredia are produced. 
The structure of the stem of this, and probably of some other Lichens, presents a marked analogy with that 
of the Laminarioid Alge described at p.154. The central thread is very large, composed of concentric layers 
of dense, horny, red cellular tissue, gradually passing into a soft white pith, enclosing a cavity. Around this 
horny thread, whose edges are sharply defined, are arranged concentric layers of a spongy cellular substance, which 
again are enclosed in a cortical layer, as dense as the central, and to which the yellow and-black hues of this 
Lichen are always confined. Thus, proceeding from the circumference, there is—Ist, a horny, coloured, cortical 
layer, answering to what is called the cortical layer of Lessonia, and to which, in that plant also, the coloured 
chromule is chiefly confined; 2nd, the layers of intermediate lax tissue, successively deposited, though much more 
obscurely so than in Lessonia; 3rd, the central thread of Usnee which is a stout axis, answering to the elliptic core 
of Lessonia, but in this Lichen becoming so lax towards the centre as to enclose a cavity in the older stems. 
We have never observed spores in any specimens of this Lichen, from whatever place collected, though we 
have examined very many apothecia in a live state, as well as after being dried, both young and old, and of all 
colours, both black, grey, or yellow. Dr. Montagne (Voy. au Pole Sud, 1. c.) has been similarly unsuccessful. 
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