50 



Fossil Remains. 



In the limestone rocks, near the tops of the hills, north of Athens, 

 are found many fossil shells. Figures of two of them are given in 

 Nos. 13 and 14, (page 2 of the wood cuts,) both bivalves, although ma- 

 ny univalves are also intermixed with them. Another of them will 

 be given in the appendix. In sinking wells on the high grounds, re- 

 mote from any large stream of water, wood, trunks of trees and leaves 

 are often discovered at the depth of forty or fifty feet, generally ly- 

 ing in or under a bed of blue clay or mud, having the peculiar efflu- 

 via common to recent marsh mud. The same catastrophe which 

 buried these vegetable remains, probably inhumed the mastodons, 

 whose teeth and bones have been found in the diluvial, or ancient 

 alluvial earth, near Athens, on the Hockhocking; and also on Fede- 

 ral creek, a large tributary of the former stream. 



Deposit 



\ 



County, Ohio. 



N. E. is unknown, but it is found for many miles in the 



This deposit is found at an elevation of more than one hundred 

 feet in the face of the river hills, three miles below the mouth of 

 Leading creek, which is twelve or fourteen miles above the mouth 

 of the Kenawha river. It continues along the face of the hills for 

 eleven miles, gradually dipping to the S. E. until it disappears un- 

 der the bed of the Ohio, two miles above Carr's run. Its extent 

 N. and 



country, the line of extensioA being in that direction,' that is to the 

 N. E. Coal, is also abundant on the Virginia, or left bank of the 

 Ohio, opposite to this deposit, and is without doubt a continuation 

 of the second bed found on the Kenawha, as the coal is very simi- 

 lar in appearance. At the upper and low^er extremities of « the 

 Carr's Run" coal bed, the deposit is thin, but gradually thickens in 

 the middle to five or six feet. It is of this thickness at the mine 

 owned by Mr. Pomeroy, near the center of the deposit. The bed 

 has been followed at this place, and on Leading creek, two or three 

 hundred yards into the hill, and in one place entirely through. The 

 strata dip to the north, two or three feet in a hundred yar'ds, requi- 

 nng drains to free them from the water, when opened on the south 

 side of the hill. Above the coal is a deposit of shale and ash col- 

 ored marly clay, of eight or ten feet in thickness, which hvms the 

 roof of the mine— superincumbent on which, is a deposit of stratifi- 

 ed sandstone rock, rather coarse grained, of nearly one hundred feet in 

 thickness. The shale abounds in fine fossil plants, generally of the 



