Phrenology. — 69 
angle of the eye; down by the nose and across the mouth. In 
man, provided he is not an idiot, this angle is always considerable 
compared with that in most of the inferior animals.* Dr. Barclay 
used to lay upon the table the head, for example, of a crocodile 
or alligator in which the intelligence. is low, and the facial angle 
so small as to be very acute, and he would follow out the analogy, 
through the other reptiles, eough the fishes, the cetacea, the 
birds, the quadrupeds, the quadrumana, (monkeys, and ourang 
outangs, those caricatures of our race,) and so on, up to man. 
He was fond of deseribing the skulls of individuals of many na- 
tions and countries; for instance, of barbarous and animal man, 
as seen in the natives of Van Dieman’s land, of Australasia, of 
New Zealand, in the Carib of South America or the West 
India Islands, and in the North American Indian ; of man ina 
more heroic but ferocious bearing, in the Bedouin Arab, the in- 
domitable Moor, and the nomadic Tartar ; in a milder $tia. in the 
Hottentot and Negro; with still gentler modifications, in the half 
civilized Mexican and Peruvian, and in the amiable Hindoo ; in 
an improved condition in the i ingenious Chinese, the SiPiatininds 
Georgian, the indolent Turk, the incredulous Jew, and lastly, in 
the civilized European, appearing at one time as a peasant, at 
another as an artisam—and to crown the whole, in the highest 
elevation of the human character, as a philosopher and an enlight- 
ened moralist. 
* The above will answer for a popular description ; the following i is more precise. 
The facial line is drawn fom the anter rior edge of the Upper jaw: to to the ‘most 
= ‘anf +} foreh 
+ a 
* 
ee 
ridges. A second or horizontal line is drawn through the meatus auditorius til it 
touches the base of the nostrils and from this point it is still until it 
meets with the facial line already described ; hence the two jines may meet at or 
very near the nasal spin e or base of the nose, but in other , at a point 
instances 
considerably anterior to the bone; this is the facialrangle, whose maximum ac- 
®cording to Camper, is 100°, unless in heads preternaturally large, as in hydroce- 
phalus. The most ancient Greek artists chose the ¥ maximum of the facial 
angle, while the Roman graveurs were satisfied with 95°. According to C: 
the facial angle varies between 70° and 100°, from the head of the negro to the 
sublime beauty of the ancient Greek models. “If” he remarks, “we descend 
be low 7, we have an ourang outang or a monkey ; if still lower, a dog or a bird 
of iii? but in the improved mode of measurement by the facial goniome- 
ter described by Dr. Morton, the objections to it are in a great measure removed.— 
Dissertation &c. quoted by Dr. 8. G. Morton, Crania ——— p. 250. 
