78 Phrenology. 
are, in addition to these, nerves of voluntary motion, by means of 
which those parts of our bodies that are obedient to our will, (the 
voluntary muscles, ) receive the orders we give them—as in the 
limbs, to walk, to run, to leap, to skate or dance ; or in the arms 
to fence or fight, and the members promptly move in accordance; 
the features, by the action of the voluntary muscles of the face, 
report our mental or moral movements, or our animal feelings ; 
the eyes roll in their orbits “ with a fine phrenzy,” or shine with 
intellectual lustre ; the tongue, the glottis, the muscles of respi- 
ration, and all the parts that are concerned in speech or in pro- 
ducing the tones of vocal music, give the voice its utterance, its 
eompass, its various cadence and intonations ; the fingers move 
the pen or sweep the lyre, or strike the keys of the piano forte or 
of the organ, or stop and open the apertures of the flute and.cla- 
rionet. All this and much more that need not be named, is done 
in obedience to our will, but with a celerity and precision too 
great even for thought to frame distinctly the conception, before 
it is executed. : 
Nor is this all: the organs of sense are furnished with nerves 
appropriate to their destination of conveying to the mind their 
peculiar impressions, while at the same time, like the whole 
body, they are endowed with nerves of common sensation; thus, 
the tongue or the nostrils receive pain from the puncture of a 
needle, while the needle does not produce taste in the tongue 
nor smell in the nostrils; but sugar placed on the tongue, ora 
rose at the nostrils, produces the appropriate pleasurable sensation, 
while pain would be excited at the same instant, in each of these 
organs by the point of a pin or a needle. Here then are appropri- 
ate nerves of infinite minuteness spread over the organs of sense— 
other nerves also of common sensation, and in most cases, still 
others of voluntary motion, while these complicated tissues of 
nervous network, not only do exist together, but they perform 
their functions simultaneously, although in perfect independence, 
and without the smallest degree of confusion. It is admitted by 
anatomists that a similar delicacy of nervous structure exists in 
the brain, whose very object is to receive and convey nervous 
influence, and since we can observe nervous fibres in all parts of 
the body and also in the brain, until our eyes and our glasses fail 
to detect such minute ramifications, we have therefore the same 
evidence for all the minuteness of division among the nerves of 
