102 Geological Survey of the State of New York. 
Hydrous anthophyllite rock,* that exists in place on the west 
side of the island, lying between the granite and gneiss, is found 
in bowlders of large size, monn diffused. Some of them are 
fifteen feet, X12x6; 13x8x7, and are even distributed over 
the adjacent parts of Long Island. 
"The direction of the current” that carried these, “is ascertain- 
ed by the grooves and scratches left on the solid rocks, and its 
force, by the size and quantity of the fragments, and the distance 
and elevations over which they had been transported.” The fur- 
rows are visible, wherever the rocks are uncovered, “on the bigh- 
est rocks and at the lowest tide-water mark, a difference of more 
than one hundred feet in perpendicular height, always more 
strongly marked on the northwest slopes of the hills, than on the 
southeastern—often very distinct on the west and northwest slopes, 
extending to the highest point of the rock, and no trace of them 
on the south and southeast slopes, although both surfaces are 
e . From observations made in sixty to seventy 
places, the general course of the current rises from N. 45° W., 
with extreme variations of 23°, coincident with the direction of 
the furrows found on the greenstone across the river in New 
Jersey: . 
The present position of the bowlders of a and lime- 
stone, indicates a deflection of the current 5. an 
The size of the furrows is very various and of some remarkable, 
ranging from a line in width, and eighteen inches wide by four 
deep, to troughs of two feet in width by six to eight deep, as may 
be seen on the 8th avenue, between 79th and 81st street, and at 
one locality on the Hudson, six miles from the city, “furrows 
ascend from beneath the lowest tide-water, up an elevation of 
seventy feet in three hundred or four hundred feet distance.” 
The portion of the 2nd district surveyed by Prof. Emmons, 
seems rich in resources, as marbles, porcelain and other clays, 
peat, graphite, and iron ores. This section, including the unset- 
tled portion of Herkimer, comprises nearly one fourth part of the 
area of the state, is chiefly a primitive country, and is like New 
England, in its geology, unequal surface, soil, climate and pro- 
ductions. Its highlands, the loftiest mountains of the state, are 
Comer with most valuable timber, and the streams and rivers 
* Commonly known as the radiated asbestus. 
