148 Prof. Johnson’s Report on the Bradford Coal Field. 
and another still higher, accompanying a bed of ore under the coarse 
gritstone or conglomerate. This clay, of the 4 feet bed, has a dark gray 
color, compact structure, and sses a specific gravity of 2.646. In 
the fire it becomes reddish white, but is otherwise unchanged except by — 
cracking, as it shrinks, and displaying on the exterior some traces of oxide 
of iron. 
“ Limestone.—Limestone occurs in such quantities as to leave no doubt 
of its constituting a regular part of the formation. It was observed not 
only in the bed of Carbon creek, but also in that of the Long valley, Fall 
creek, and some other tributaries. It is of the gray fossiliferous variety 
and belongs in the strata below the coal. The fact of having noticed 
some of it not far from the great falls of Fall creek, has induced me to 
believe that it must be found in place within a moderate distance of the 
bottom of those falls. 
“A sample of the limestone picked up in the channel of Long Valley 
creek, possesses a specific gravity of 2.7054. 
Re Contains about 40 per Sans carbonate of a. 
3.5 peroxide of iro 
= 56.5 “ — insoluble srgillascous matter. 
100. 100.0 
“This limestone will probably be found sufficiently pure to serve as a 
flux for any of the ores above enumerated. 
* As the valley of the Towanda creek, below its junction with the Car- 
bon creek, presents many localities where fossiliferous limestone of lower 
strata than that above described, are brought into view, it was <a 
sper to make also some irisls to determine its degree of purity : 
color is reddish gray. Its specific gravity is 2.658. 
It yielded of carbonate of lime, - - 45.5 per cent. 
as peroxide of iron : ~ 6.5. Sa 
. earthy abpiteseten matter a sand, 49.0. .-* 
R 100 
Besides the geological character of this county, and an analy- 
sis of the minerals, Prof. Johnson has given some valuable state- 
ments respecting the timber, water power, and facilities for trans- 
portation afforded by a continuously descending line of railroad, 
of which he has traced the route and given the details of grade, 
direction, and expense. The amount of surveying and levelling, 
including that which refers to geological, as well as to topograph- 
purposes, amounts to upwards of thirty-five miles, and when 
the direction of this part of the work is added to the actual explora- 
fa wide tract of wilderness, in which scarcely a bridle path 
is said to have existed before it was cut out by the exploring pa!- 
