236 Trumbull Gallery of Paintings in Yale College. 
pected under such circumstances; the troops commenced their 
retreat on the east side of the lake, and after various skirmishes 
and some loss, fell back as far as Stillwater, on the North River, 
twenty miles above Albany; here they were met by reinforce- 
ments and halted, and General Gates again assumed the command. 
General St. Clair was very severely censured for thus losing this 
important post. But his means were entirely inadequate to its 
defense ; he merited applause rather for having extricated him- 
self with so little loss from a very difficult situation, and for having 
saved part of the garrison which formed the nucleus of that force, 
which, before the close of the campaign, reversed its character. 
General Burgoyne followed up his success with great caution, 
advancing slowly, and bringing on his entire park of artillery, with 
all its attirail; but it was not until September, that he approached 
General Gates, at Stillwater, where a partial and indecisive action 
took place on the 20th. On the 7th of October, a decisive action 
was fought at Bemus’s Heights. On the 8th, General Burgoyne 
found his situation so critical, that he abandoned his camp, and 
commenced a retreat toward Canada; but finding bad roads, bro- 
ken bridges, and hostile parties posted at every disputable point, 
and hovering around him on all sides, he halted, and took post at 
Saratoga, where, on the 17th, his army surrendered, under a con- 
vention, of which the following were the first two articles. - 
ARTICLES OF CONVENTION BETWEEN LIEUTENANT-GENERAL BURGOYNE 
AND MAJOR-GENERAL GATES. a 
“1. The troops under Lieutenant-General Burgoyne, to march 
out of their camp with the honors of war, and the artillery of the 
intrenchments, to the verge of the river where the old fort stood, 
where the arms and artillery are to be left ; the arms to be piled 
by word of command from their own officers. 
“2. A free passage to be granted to the army under Lieutenant- 
General Burgoyne to Great Britain, on condition of not serving 
again in North America during the present contest ; and the port 
of Boston is assigned for the entry of transports to receive the 
troops, whenever General Howe shall so order.” 
~The painting represents General Burgoyne, attended by Gene- 
ral Phillips, and followed by other officers, arriving near the mar- 
quee of General Gates. : 
