Characteristics of the tamngunigs of Ghagh or Accra. 257 
A, The pronominal forms, where, whither, and whence, are 
not distinguished, except by the context ; as, bi-er, hence, here, 
hither ; dzhe-t, thence, there, thither ; =dessirtacer; whence, where, 
whither. 
5. There is a substantive verb ; viz. pres. dzhi, is; past, yeh, 
was. Thus mi dzhi, I am; m wale I was; o dahé, thou art; 
o yeh, thou wast; etc. 
6. The ntanjonsion of grief is ah or oh. 
IV. Derivation of Words. 
Abstract nouns are formed from ‘adjectives by adding leh, Ui, 
mli, or mo ; as, 
hewa, strong ; hewaleh, strength. 
tetrer, broad ; tetrermli, breadth. 
kwaw, high; kwawlh, height. 
eding, black ; dimmo, blackness. 
eyeng, white ; yemmo, whiteness. 
etshru, red; tshuleh, redness. 
V. Composition. 
In unwritten languages, it is very difficult to distinguish com- 
pound words from the combination of words in phrases. 
VI. Inflection. 
1. There is no inflection to express gender, that is, to distin- 
guish between the sexes, or between animate and inanimate ob- 
jects. Sex is uniformly expressed both in men and animals by 
adding the words ning, male, and yio, female ; as, gbawmé yio, 
a woman; dzhatté yio, a lioness. 
2. Number i is expressed both in substantives 255 adjectives in 
three wa 
(1.) Soni wig the plural ; hirano a man ; 
plur. gbawme, m m 
(2.) Some nouns auld 7 for the plural ; as, fai, a hat ; ; plur. ‘fabs 
hats; gbwe, a dog; plur. gbwe-t, dogs. 
(3.) Some nouns add dzhi for the plural ; as, shiflong, a dog ; 
ay shifong-dzhi, dogs. 
3. Cases, or the relations of nouns, ate expressed partly by 
Prepositions, partly by the termination =e nouns, and partly by 
the collocation. 
(1.) The nominative case is known by its collocation before 
the verb. 
