Characteristics of the Language of Ghagh or Accra. °259 
(1.) The present tense is accented thus: mi simo, I love. 
(2.) The imperfect is expressed by varying the accent; 5, mi 
sumo, I loved or did love. 
(3.) The perfect again by varying the accent ; as, mt sumo, 
I have loved. 
(4.) The pluperfect, by the particle nah ; as, mi nah mi sumo, 
I had loved, liter. I have I loved; 0 nah 6 sumo, thou hast loved; 
etc. Compare mi nah ni, I have wealth. 
(5.) The future is expressed by a periphrasis ; a4 mi ba sumo, 
I come to love, i. e. I am about to love. 
7. There are no voices in Ghagh. 'The passive is expressed 
actively ; as, a@ siimo mi, some one loves me, i. e. I am loved; a 
keh, some one says, i. e. it is said, French, on dit. 
8. There are no modes in Ghagh ; 
(1.) The subjunctive or conditional is expressed by means of a 
conjunction ; as, mi-simo, | love; kedzhdzhi mi simo, if I love. 
(2.) The potential is ateaend: by a periphrasis ; as, m’agnie 
akeh mi simo, I am able and I love, i. e. I can love. 
(3.) The imperative of prohibition is expressed by prefixing 
ka ; as, ka simo, love not. The imperative of command is si 
mo, love thou. 
(4.) The infinitive is simo, to love. 
(5.) The present participle is formed by adding mo ; as, sumo- 
m6, loving. 
VIL. Syntaz. 
1. Concord. The only concords are those of the adjective with 
its substantive in number, and ina pag sentenee of the 
relative with its antecedent in number; as, ghawmé kpakpa, a 
good man; plur. gbawmé kpakpa-i, good men. | 
2. Government. Nothing peculiar. ie 
3. Collocation of Words. 
(1.) The subject of the proposition is placed first, then the 
verb, then the object, as in English. Thus gnung-maw hing, 
God is good ; gnung-maw mi simo ghawmé, God loves men; 
Sbawmé mi simo gnung-maw, men love God. 
(2.) The adjective is placed after the substantive which it 
qualifies ; as, enung-maw dzhungrong, God good, i. e. the good 
God. So the article ; as, ghawmé leh, the man; gbawmd dzhung- 
rong leh, the good man. 
