ON THE TERTIARY FLORA OF THE ARCTIC REGION. 71 
with, would have justified the conclusion that formerly a higher tem- 
perature existed there. For the first more direct proofs, science is 
indebted to M. Adolphe Erman,* who collected as early as the year 
1829 at Sedanka, in Kamtchatka, between lat. 59° and and 63? N., es- 
pecially at the mouth of the Tigil, and in a very hard spheerosiderite, 
from a formation extending very far along the coast, about lat. 63? N., 
not only petrified woods but also leaves, which plainly showed a rela- 
tionship with the Tertiary flora of central Europe, and consisted of 
different species of Juglans, Carpinus, and Alnus (the latter resembling 
Alnus Kefersteinii, so abundant in the Miocene flora). Another speci- 
men in spheerosiderite submitted to me, I hold to be Juglans acu- 
minata, A. Braun,t a plant very common in both the upper and lower 
Miocene formation (at Oningen and in Switzerland [Salzhausen], but 
not at Schosnitz, as the nervature shows that our species referred here 
by Heer do not belong to it; this is especially the case with regard 
to Juglans Sieboldiana, of which J. pallida may perhaps be considered 
arecent form, while J. salicifolia appears to be nearest related to J. 
Bilinica). The same specimen exhibits a rather imperfect leaf of an 
cer, different from all fossil species known to me, and a very minute 
leaf, perhaps of Taxodium dubium. M. A. von Mittendorff afterwards 
collected in a treeless district of lat. 74? N., different fossil woods, 
belonging to Conifere, which I have described and figured in the first 
- volume of his ‘Travels in Siberia,’ but which their discoverer regards 
for the most part not as indigenous, but as driftwoods, although a great 
proportion of the fossil wood found in such quantity in the tundra of 
northern Siberia must be regarded as én situ, having been met with in 
alternate strata in sandstone by Figurin, on the Lena, and by A. G. 
Schrenk,t in the ¿undra of the Samoyedes. In the most essential part of 
these conclusions M. von Mittendorff agrees, when he says that all the 
fossil woods and coals hitherto found in the Taimyr country must be re- 
garded “as belonging to recent geological formations.” Tf this is the ` 
case with the fossil woods described by me, Pinus Mittendorffana and P. 
Beriana are those fossil plants, hitherto found furthest to the north. On 
the other hand, the so-called Noah or Adam woods of northern Siberia 
may be regarded as driftwood. The wood which M. von Mittendorff 
* A. Erman, ‘Reise um die Erde,’ p. 149. Berlin, 1848. 
+ O. Heer, Flor. Tert. Helvet., t. 128, fig. 7. à 
i Reise nach dem Nordosten des europ. Russlands, vol. 1. p. 675. 1847. 
