ON THE TERTIARY FLORA OF THE ARCTIC REGION. 81 
confirmed by Krug von Nidda.* Gliemannt mentions the impressions 
of Mountain Ash fruits, and leaves as large as a hand nearest resem- 
bling those of oaks, perhaps Dombeyopsis, and Ebelt notices even à 
leaf like that of Liriodendron tulipiferum, a genus which, as is well 
known, has been discovered in the German, Swiss, and Italian Miocene 
flora, and it really does exist in Iceland, as may be seen from the pre- 
liminary description of a rich collection of Icelandic Tertiary plants 
gathered by Messrs. Steenstrup and Winkler, to which O. Heer$ had 
access. 
Of thirty-one well-determined Icelandic fossil plants, to which I 
have to add another species, sixteen are common to the European 
Miocene flora, amongst them are thirteen woody plants, and, curiously 
enough, just those species which were most abundant in Iceland, and, 
therefore, most probably those formerly constituting the forests there. 
Consequently, the European forest flora, as represented by thirteen 
woody plants, extended at that period as far as Iceland, but preserved 
even there its thorough North American character. A well-explored 
locality, Hradavatu in Nordvordal, in the north-western parts of the 
island (64° 40’ N. lat., and about 3? 20° W. long.), appears, according 
to Heer, rather more recent, more closely related to the Oningen forma- 
tion and the flora of Schosnitz, near Breslau, by the occurrence of the 
Alnus (Betula) macrophylia and Platanus aceroides, so abundant at the 
latter place ; and it therefore, perhaps, belongs to the upper Miocene. 
During my stay at Christiania in August, 1859, Mr. Kjerulf gave me 
from the latter locality two plants; the one being Alnus macrophylla, 
the other, Planeria Ungeri, new in this locality, and very interesting on 
account of its wide distribution in the whole Miocene. Its southern limit 
is on the Montajone in Sinigaglia, the eastern near Tokay and Schosnitz, 
and the western in the Canton Waadt. The most widely-distributed tree 
of Tertiary Iceland was, according to Heer, the large-fruited Maple (Acer 
otopterie, Gopp.), which I found in fruit at Striese, a rather uid 
formation of Silesia than that at Schosnitz, and to which, in Heer's 
opinion, the leaves from Schosnitz, described under the name of Acer 
triangulilobium, may probably belong. According to Steenstrup, in the 
1 * “Geognostische Darstellung der Insel Island,’ in Karstens Archiv, vol. vii. p. 501. 
t * Geographische Beschreibung von Island,’ Altona, 1824. 
i ‘Flora Tertiaria Helvetia,’ parts 7 and 8, p. 316. 
$ Geogr. Naturkunde, p. 154. Königsberg, 1850. 
VOL. I. 
