182 DISTINCTIVE CHARACTERS OF QUERCUS AND CASTANEA. 
Calleocarpus, recently established, must, there can be little doubt, 
be reduced to Castanea, from which, as defined by Miquel, it is, as far 
I can judge from his character, only to be distinguished by the irre- 
gular dehiscence of the involuere, and by certain differences in the 
female perianth, which I suspect will on careful examination prove to 
be of little moment. 
Tf these reductions are made, the absolute characters of Quercus and 
Castanea may be thus formulated :— 
Quercus. Fructis involucrum nune Castanea. Fructiis involucrum cap- 
cupuliforme, indehiscens, nunc suliforme, maturitateregulariter 
capsuliforme, maturitate irregu- v. irregulariter fissum. 
lariter v. subregulariter fissum. ledones convoluto-plicate.* 
Cotyledonum facies planse. 
* QUER ee — et auct. Pg de et Synedrys, Li Lindl.— Flores masc. in 
marge op rius ternati. Flores on inei in ng oe igi soli- 
te oculare 
vulis abortivi a : 
vestigia parietum persistentibus. Cot, vrir crassæ, ssepius plano-convex® et 
i æ, dorso frequenter undulatæ ua : erumque 
unisexuales.—De subdiv. confer ad Alph. DC. Note Nouv. Caract. Fruit Chénes 
(in Bibl. € Oct. 1862, et Ann. Sc. Nat, ser. 4, v. 18; Seemann's Journ. of 
Botany, vol. i 39). 
_ castors Spach, Hist. Veg. Phen. xi. p. 185.—Quercus, subdiv. Cas- 
tanopsis, ty Prod. Fl. Nep — sectio Castanopsis nd mange" sp 
Roxb., Lind L, Blume, ete. —For masc. in amento glomera ‘Flore 
inter involue m squamos Pitre r$ loser. Styli 3 (raro 3-9. 
Ovula ain singulo pi vs 2, gout ori (an semper?) ins ructus ex 
ato, echinato, stepe debilis et nuculis 3-1, inclusis, eres 
uculæ cartilaginese gt totes Semen usve nucule abortu unicum. Coty 
dones crasse, plano-convexee, farinose— T cæ biseruales.—Arbo res Asiatica: et 
Californice, inflorese. Quercuum, sectionis eure nos 
iio T UOI INN — Sa Roni hinatum. 
C. Indica (Castanea Indica, Rozb.). c. ptaderets a (Castanem Hook.). ©: 
concinna (Castanea, Champ. et Benth.). C. a irs ea, Mig.). c. 
is (Castanea, Miq.). C. costata (Ca stanea °C. Tw 
(Castanea, BI). C. Javanica A ree Javanica, Bt). ri castanicarpa, Spach 
(Castanea Roxburghii, Lind C. sessilifolia (Castanea, Bl). 
t.). 
(Castanea, Hook.). C. acuminatissima (Castanea, Bl.) C. tribuloides Quer (Quer g 
cus tribuloides, Sm. C. argentea (Castanea, Bl). C. echidnocarpa (Castanet, 
Hook. 
Sectio 2. Catznocanres. — Genus eir ote "à eee tuberculis 
vali-conicis, 
C. I (Callmocarpus Stata, M Mi 
ourn.—F ny in) ase. in amentis fasciculati. = 
rium pluri- 
api s 
Jw; pena intra. involucrum ici smpius 3, nune l. Ova 
aem 
UTE s e SRE nat a 
m ae qt z E Ei 
