REPORT ON THE PROGRESS AND CONDITION OF 



THE U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM FOR THE 



YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1907. 



r.Y Richard Rathbtjn, 

 Assistant Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, in charge of the U. S. National Museum. 



GENERA L ( )i )NSIDERATI( )NS. 



INCEPTION AND HISTORY. 



The inception and history of the National Museum have often been 

 discussed in the opening pages of the annual report. Congress, in 

 the act of August 10. 1846, founding- the Smithsonian Institution, 

 recognized that an opportunity was afforded, in carrying out the 

 large-minded design of Smithson, to provide for the custody of the 

 museum of the nation. To this new establishment was therefore 

 intrusted the care of the national collections, a course that time has 

 fully justified. • 



In the beginning the cost of maintaining the museum side of the 

 Institution's work was wholly paid from the Smithsonian income; 

 then for a number of years the Government bore a share, and during 

 the past three decades Congress has voted sufficient funds to cover the 

 expenses of the Museum, thus furthering one of the primary means 

 " for the increase and diffusion of knowledge among men " without 

 encroaching upon the resources of the Institution. 



The museum idea was inherent in the establishment of the Smith- 

 sonian Institution, which in its turn was based upon a ten years' dis- 

 cussion in Congress and the advice of the most distinguished scientific 

 men, educators, and intellectual leaders of the nation of seventy years 

 ago. It is interesting to note how broad and comprehensive were the 

 views which actuated our lawmakers in determining the scope of the 

 Museum, a fact especially remarkable when it is recalled that at that 

 date no museum of considerable size existed in the United States, and 

 the museums of England and of the continent of Europe were still to 

 a large extent without a developed plan, although containing many 

 rich collections. 



The Congress which passed the act of foundation enumerated as 

 within the scope of the Museum " all objects of art and of foreign 



