7O 
For distinguishing Neolithodes from Paralithodes, the following 
characters are assigned by Bouvier :—‘ The pleon-segments 
3-5 are covered with calcified nodules, of which some are 
soldered together, in the adult, to form some small lateral 
pieces separate in the male, and three pieces situated to the 
left in the female. Rostrum simple, sharp, starting from 
between a pair of basal spines. Acicle rudimentary in the 
known species, except in some abnormal individuals.” 
The three species hitherto comprised in the genus are N. 
agassizit (S. I. Smith), 1882, in which the carapace has spinules 
interspersed among the spines, and the walking legs are flat- 
tened, with small spines on the third joint; N. grimaldu, A. 
M.-Edw. and Bouvier, 1894 (including Lithodes goodet, Bene- 
dict, 1894), in which the spines on the carapace are fewer and 
not interspersed with spinules; N. diomedeae (Benedict), 
which agrees with N. grvimaldi in the carapace, but is distin- 
guished from both the other species by having a very long 
spine on the third joint and spines on the first joint of the’ 
walking legs. 
Neolithodes capensis, n. sp. 
Plates XIX., XX. 
This species is akin to Neolithodes agassizi (S. I. Smith), 
having spinules among the numerous spines on the carapace, 
the walking legs flattened, their third joint without any very 
large spine, and their first joint with a dentation of the distal 
margin that is only here and there feebly spine-like. In other 
respects, however, it does not seem possible to reconcile the 
armature of the walking-legs in the South African specimens 
with that described by Professor Smith. It is true that in this 
genus the spines show an extraordinary amount of variation at 
different stages of the animal’s life, and are by no means con- 
stant from specimen to specimen, but it so happens that one 
of those at our disposal agrees in sex and size so nearly with 
the two examined by the learned American author that the 
marked differences in detail may well be considered specific. 
The carapace of the female measures 148 mm. from the apex 
of the rostrum to the hind margin, not including the long spines 
projecting beyond that margin on either side of the middle line ; 
its breadth between the apices of the branchial spines is 116 mm. 
The rostrum ventrally is 30 mm. long, dorsally to the point of 
junction with the lateral spines 24 mm. Of these one measures 
20 mm., the other slightly less. On the inflated gastric region 
there is a hexagonal arrangement of six prominent spines, with 
