118 7 
represented as directed at right angles to the body, not back- 
ward. In adult stages the limbs appear to become quite 
rudimentary. Steenstrup and Litken think it probable that 
the description of the male given by Milne-Edwards is not 
derived from his own observation, but based on a misappre- 
hension of von Nordmann’s figure of the male of an Anchorella. 
Richiardi states that Milne-Edwards’ Lernaeonema Lesueuri 
(Lerneopenna Blainvillit ? Lesueur) is only a youn» individual 
of Pennella Blainvillia (Lesueur). Similarly Mrazek has decided 
that Hessella cylindrica, Brady, and Baculus elongatus, Lub- 
bock, belong to the genus Pennella, being young forms of the 
female. He points out that Liitken already in 1892 had 
advanced this opinion in regard to Baculus, and that Thomas 
Scott in 1894 had suggested that Brady’s species was probably 
identical with Lubbock’s. Bassett-Smith makes P. blainvillit 
a synonym of P. exocoeti (Holten), 1802, in opposition to 
Steenstrup and Liitken, who con der them very dist nct. 
Linnaeus, in the Systema Natura, Ed. 10, Vol. I., p. 810, 
1758, gave the following account of his Pennatula filosa :— 
‘“ P. stirpe rachi utrinque pennata; basi tentaculis duobus. 
“* Bocc. mys. 1674, p. 286. ¢. 286. 
‘* Habitat in M. Mediterranei Xiphits. 
‘* Sete 2, rubrae, ad basin vachios pennatae insertae, tpsaque 
vacht longiores.” 
The two sete are evidently the filiform ovigerous tubes. 
Cuvier, Régne Animal, Vol. III., p. 257, still in 1830 retains the 
species among Zoophytes, in “ Les cavitaires,’’ first order of 
‘‘ Les Intestinaux.’’ To his definition of Pennella he adds, “‘ Il 
y ena dans la Mediterranée une espece (Pennella filosa ; Penna- 
tula filosa, Gmel.) Boccone, Mus., 286, Ellis, Trans. phil., 
LXIII., xx., 15, longue de sept a huit pouces, qui pénétre dans 
la chair du xiphias, du thon, de la mole, et les tourmente 
horriblement.” But as yet there seems to be no evidence 
and no particular probability that it is the same species which 
infests all the fishes here named. Steenstrup and Liitken say, 
‘* Should several approximate species prove to have been con- 
fused under the old name P. filosa (Linn.)—which is easily 
possible—we may remark that the Mediterranean Pennella 
from the sword-fish must be regarded as the type of the species.” 
The description given by Linnaeus can scarcely be said to have 
any specific value, apart from the name of the host, so that no 
injury is done him by leaving his specific name in abeyance 
until a Pennella infesting a Xiphias has been again observed. 
For the parasite of the sunfish an appropriate name is available, 
which appears to have scaped recent attention. 
