42 Notes on some of the 



berries j they are sometimes used by the country people to 

 make a ptisanne. The tree is ornamental and might be 

 admitted into park scenery with advantage. It is not 

 common about Quebec, but abounds in various parts of 

 Canada, in dry sandy soils. 



Pinus nigra — Lb. Abies nigra — Mx. Black Spruce. 

 Double Spruce. Epinette noire. 



" Leaves four-sided, scattered on all sides of the branches, erect, straight. 

 Cones ovate ; scales oval, with undulated margins, close-toothed at 

 the apex." 



A middle sized tree, tall, straight and taper. The 

 foliage dense and having a very dark appearance. Whole 

 tracts of swampy country are frequently covered with this 

 and some other evergreens, Avhich give them a dismal 

 cast compared with adjoining growths of trees on undu- 

 lating grounds : those tracts are hence called blackwood 

 lands. From the spray of this tree is extracted the essence 

 with which that wholesome beverage spruce beer is made. 

 Of the timber is manufactured deals for exportation ; large 

 quantities are yearly shipped at the port of Quebec, 

 principally to the Irish market. 



Pinus alba — Lb. Abies alba — Mx. White Spruce. 



Epinette blanche. 



" Leaves four-sided, incurved. Cones nearly cylindrical, lax; scales 



obovate, entire." 



A tree similar in appearance to the preceding, except 

 that the leaves are of lighter green, and not so thickly set. 

 It grows on dryer soils. The timber is white and is also 

 manufactured into deals, scarcely to be distinguished from 

 those of the black spruce. Manufacturers arc accjuainted 

 with several varieties of this tree, occasioned by the different 

 nature of the soil : such as epinette grise and epinette 



