Nathe American^ or Indian Dogs. 23 



mean the common dogs of the old world, for I know 

 not that any anatomist has hitherto inspected the 

 structure of the Indian dog of America) have been 

 discovered : differences so essential, that I think they 

 forbid the idea, that the wolf and the dog are one 

 and the same species. I do not, however, deny, that 

 the pure, unmixed wolf has, in some countries, been 

 reduced to the domestic state of the dog. But I 

 think it more probable, that even those dogs, which 

 are most nearly allied to the wolf, are hybrids, be- 

 gotten between this animal and some other species of 

 the genus. 



II. From their agreement in internal structure, it 

 is much more probable, that the jackal, or schakal 

 (the Canis aureus), is one of the principal original 

 stocks of the dogs of the old world. Professor Guel- 

 denstaedt has remarked, that the czcum of the jackal 

 " entirely agrees in form with that of a dog, and 

 differs from that of the wolf and fox." " I may 

 add," says Mr. Pennant, whose words I have been 

 using, " that there is the same agreement in the 

 teeth with those of a dog ; and the same variation in 

 them from those of the two other animals*." More- 

 over, in his manners, the common dog is much more 

 allied to the jackal than he is to the wolf, or to any 

 other animal with which we are acquainted. If, then, 

 this animal, and not the wolf, be the principal parent 

 of the dog-kind, the speculations of Mr. Zimmer- 

 mann ought to have little weight in establishing the 



* History of Quadrupeds. Vol. i. p. 262, 



