538 Geological Society of Pennsylvania. 



a mile and a half to the mouth of the creek ; producing a total 

 fall in that distance of a hundred and fifty-six feet. The width 

 of the creek above the falls is eighty-three feet: the scite of the 

 upper fall is improved by two saw mills and a grist mill, a short 

 distance above which a wooden bridge connects the route of the 

 Milford and Owcgo turnpike. 



"Geological inquiries, in this county are restricted within a 

 small space. The far greater part of the county is covered by 

 its native forest, and has been but very little, if at all, regarded 

 by geological science. The productions of the soil, where cul- 

 tivated, yielding an ample remuneration to industry, no excava- 

 tion has been made in search of minerals, and few for any other 

 purposes. Our inquiries are therefore directed to the occasional 

 uncovered rock, and the remains detached by their decomposi- 

 tion, and these, for the most part, only enable us to generalize a 

 few facts. o 



" The geological formation of Wayne county is transition. Its 

 stratified rocks consist of brov;n argillaceous slate, graywacke, 

 graywacke slate, and an impure limestone. The Moosic moun- 

 tain is composed of conglomerate or pudding stone, resting on 

 graywacke, and containing beds of amygdaloid. An outlayer of 

 conglomerate is also seen in Mount Pleasant, near Centreville, 

 the upper surface of which just projects above the soil. A bed 

 of clay slate occurs near the mouth of Cawley brook, in Dyberry 

 township, interposed between strata of graywacke slate. This 

 rock also occurs in beds on the western side of Moosic mountain, 

 above Belmont coal mine. 



The brown slate appears to be the transition clay slate, or 

 argillite of geologists. It readily splits into thin plates, which 

 exhibit glimmering scales, probably mica. Its colour is usually 

 brown, by oxide of iron ; it is, however, sometimes of a grayish 

 colour. The clay slate is a variety of argillite. It is of a fine 

 texture : its fracture is rather splintery than slaty, and exhibits 

 a glossy lustre. Its colour is a smoke gray, or clay colour. It 

 is used for whet-stones, for which it is very well adapted. 



" The conglomerate is composed of silicious pebbles of various 

 forms, but generally rounded, united by a cement. It is fre- 

 quently employed for mill stones, and is said to be nearly equal 

 in quality to the burr. It contains veins of sulphuret of iron, 

 feldspar and quartz. 



