62 Zerao's Memoir relative to the 



of the Caffres Maraves, forms a junction with the Zambezi 

 near Senna. — Morambala is equidistant from Senna and 

 Quillimane. Such are the advantages which the Captaincy 

 affords for intemal navigation, and consequently for the 

 export of its productions. — The external navigation is only 

 carried on from Quillimane through Mozambique; the present 

 narrow limits of the export trade not requiring a custom- 

 house at the former place. — The trading vessels are small, on 

 account of the shallowness of the bar; but this would be no 

 hinderance to mercantile transactions, for as the one increased, 

 so would the other in number ; and experience teaches us, 

 that small craft are, under many circumstances, better 

 adapted than larger ones to the furtherance of commerce, 

 from the facility with which their cargoes are completed, and 

 the consequent reduction of expense. 



Of the Industry ami Education. 



It is held as a maxim of colonial policy by all European 

 nations, not to admit into their establishments those produc- - 

 tions, which are the principal objects of commercial specula- 

 tions, — it would be superfluous, here, to give reasons for 

 such conduct. There are two kinds of industry, without 

 which no colony can ever flourish ; without which it must for 

 ever remain in an unprofitable and infant condition. The first 

 is that species of application, on which the progress and 

 improvement of different branches of agriculture depends, as 

 well as the manufactures which result from, and are inherent 

 in, many of the productions cultivated : such are the manu- 

 factories of sugar and indigo, without which it would be 

 quite useless to rear the plants which afford them. — Such 

 undertakings require more industry and intelligence than is 

 generally imagined, depending as they do on a knowledge of 

 the first order of sciences. The second kind of indispensable 

 industry, is that which is subservient to the arts and trades ; 

 these are of primary necessity, and without them no political 

 society can exist, — such are the occupations of carpenters, 

 smiths, &c. The whole mass of colonial industry may be 

 reduced to a single point of view, of which the object is to 

 obtain from the lands the greatest possible produce, of those 

 articles which are calculated for the soil and climate, and to 

 furnish sufficient quantities for the purposes of export, com- 

 merce, and navigation. Such colonies as do not yield those 

 advantages, and fall short in agriculture and industry, are 

 but a dead and abortive weight upon the mother country ; and 

 whatever violence I may offer to mv self-love by such an 

 acknowledgement, 1 must confess this to be the case with 



• Captaincy of the Ilios de Senna; I am, however, imp- 



