S8 



Miscellaneous Intelligence. 



longer requiring such a shield to protect them from an extinct enemy. As 

 carnivorous turbinated univalves were almost entirely absent from the 

 strata which contained the Ammonites, the Nautilidiae, and the Belemnites, 

 so the extinction of these immensely numerous tribes, being- also carnivo- 

 rous, or predaceous, was counterbalanced by the creation of a multitude of 

 new genera, possessed of similar appetences. 



Recurring again to our table for illustration of these positions, we observe 

 that only 3 genera and 18 species of carnivorous turbinated univalves were 

 coeval with the Cephalopodes, comprising 200 species, in the secondary for- 

 mations ; but that the same strata contained 17 genera and 87 species of 

 Phylliphages. " . s ^ 



When the Cephalopoda ceaspd with the chalk, at the SiwR tfme with the 

 numerous families of fossil Echinidiae, the Trigoniae, and .nearly all the 

 Terrabratulae, they were replaced by 19 genera and 153 new species of 

 Zoophages. 



On comparing the existing classes of shells with corresponding series in 

 the antediluvian creation, we have the following numbers : 



Testaceous Mollusca of 

 the present world, ascer- 

 tained from the Index Tes- 

 taceologicus of Mr. Wood, 

 last edition ------ 



Specis of British fossil 

 shells, heretofore described, 

 dispersed throughout the 

 entire range of the forma- 

 tions ------- 



Simple 

 Univalves. 



Species. 



1961 



401 



Bivalves and 

 Multivalves. 



Species. 



874 



634 



M ultilocular 

 Univalves. 



Species. 



58 



230 



Total. 



Species 



2893 



1265 



The conclusion to be drawn from a summary of facts more numerous, 

 and on a more extensive scale than, until recently, has been attainable in 

 this department of natural history, is, that in proportion as we descend tht 

 vast series of deposits that overspread this portion of the earth, so do we re- 

 cede, step by step, from the circle of existing organized beings, and from 

 the phenomena attendant on their structure, their habits, and their adap- 

 tations. 



Fossil vegetables. — The plants characteristic of the secondary and tertiary 

 formations, as given by M. A. Brongniart (Prodrome de l'histoire des vege- 

 faux fossiles), are as follows: — 



In the Coal measures (Terrain Houiller) Calamites.— Ferns of the genera 

 Sphenopteris, Neuropteris, Pecopteris, and Odonfopteris : the species 

 very numerous. Lycopodites et Lepidodendron. Sphenophyllum, Annula- 

 ria, and Asterophyllites. The four last genera are only found in these 

 r'ormations. 



In the Black Chalk and Bituminous Schist (Zechstein et Schistes 

 Bitumineux).— Algae analagous to the Caulerpa, particularly Fucoides 

 selaginoides. 



In the (Gre J s Bizarre.) — Calamites. — Ferns of the genera Sphe- 



r.opteris, Neuropteris, and Anomopteris. Corniferae of the genus Voltzia, 

 And many monocotyledonous, phanerogamous plants. 



In the Muscle Lime, (Muschelkalk.)— Neuropteris Gaillardati.— Mantellia 

 cylindrica. 



In the Kuiper and Lias (Marnes irisees).— Ferns of the genus Clathrop- 

 »eris ? Teniopteris. Cycadeae of the genera Pterophyllum, Nilsonia, and 

 Zamites ; particularly Pterophyllum longifolium and Zamites Bechii and 

 Bucklandii. 



In the inferior Oolite.— (Oolite inferieure.) — Equisctum columnare. — 

 Ferns of the' genera Pachypteris, Sphenopteris, Pecopteris, and Teniopteris, 

 ^ycadae of the genus Zamia (9 species). 



In the Forest Marble.— Fucoides. Rare ferns. Sphenopteris, Hymen- 

 ->philloides. Zamia pectinata. Confer vse of the genera Thuytes and Taxites 

 podocarpoides. 



In the (Calcaire de Portland). Mantellia nidiformis. 



