Remarks on the Culture of Exotic Vegetables. 169 



confounded by botanists with the European species ; but 

 which differs in every essential specific character. It is 

 recommended as stocks for grafting upon, until a sufficiency 

 of the European kinds are produced from layers or cuttings 

 to form permanent plantations, as in strong soils and on 

 the dry declevities of the hills, the trees of the Cape 

 species are observed to shrivel in dry seasons, and remain 

 in a quiescent state like some of the succulent tribes, until 

 refreshed by copious showers of rain. This circumstance 

 might sometimes injure a foreign scion on these stocks, but 

 such remains to be proved. 



The olives for eating are gathered in a green state, and 

 merely pickled in salt and water. 



Olive-oil is expressed from the ripe fruit, which becomes 

 black at maturity. It is crushed in a mill of a simple 

 construction into a kind of paste, which is put into hair bags 

 and subjected to a press, beneath which a vessel is placed 

 with water somewhat warm, into which the oil drops, and is 

 then skimmed from the surface. A second and third pressure 

 is sometimes performed. 



The fruit ought to be crushed in a fresh state, and not 

 allowed to heat before the operation is performed. In Spain, 

 which produces the finest olives, the worst oil is manufac- 

 tured, the fruit being suffered to remain in heaps whereby it 

 becomes heated, and a rancid acrid oil is only obtained. 



CINNAMOMUM camphora. Camphor Tree. Ennean- 

 dria Monogynia of Linnaeus. Natural Order, Laurinae. 



This tree may be propagated by cuttings of the ripened 

 wood, or by layers, which last is perhaps the best method. 

 Shoots of the ripened wood should be laid down in a light 

 sandy soil, mixed with a good portion of black vegetable 

 earth, which may be easily procured from the neighbourhood 

 of springs, or from marshy grounds. The shoots at the time 

 of laying must be twisted at the part intended to take root, 

 and fixed securely in the ground by means of hooked pegs, 

 covering the layers with four inches of soil, shortening the 

 ends, and leaving only about three inches of the points above 

 ground, keeping them moist, and to prevent the earth from 

 becoming suddenly dry, decayed oak-leaves may be strewed 

 over the surface. The earth round the outside of the layers 

 may be drawn towards them, to form a basin for the better 

 retention of the water they occasionally receive. 



The best season for performing this operation, is the 

 months of June and July, and the layers will be sufficiently 

 rooted by the month of June of the following year, when they 

 ought to be removed to nursery beds, where they will become 

 more firmly rooted previous to planting out where they are 



Y 



