22<i Miscellaneous Intelligence. 



Building each house, --.--... £41 13 4 



Furniture, and implements of husbandry, - 8 6 8 



Clothing, 12 10 



Two cows, or one cow and ten sheep, - - - . 12 10 



Putting the land into cultivation and seed, for the first year, 33 6 8 



Advances in provisions for the first year, - - - - 4 3 4 



Advances of other kinds, ....... 434 



Flax and wool to be spun, - - . . . . . 16 13 4 



Seven acres of uncultivated rand, ..... 868 



Total expense of each family for the first year, - £14113 4 



As three families contain twenty individuals, two of them consist of six 

 persons each, mostly at maturity, and one of eight persons, six of whom are 

 youths, from six years old upwards, the expense of outfit for each person 

 amounts to £22 6s. Id., which is expected to be reimbursed to the society 

 in sixteen years, by the rent to be received from the colonists, and by the 

 labour they afford in its service; whilst the annual rent with which they are 

 charged will be equal to the interest. This rests upon the plain calculation 

 that the annual value of the proceeds of the labour of six persons beyond 

 the value of the produce on which they subsist, will amount to 30*. per year; 

 or, to carry it still further, that the produce of the labour of each of the 

 individuals will exceed their subsistence about five shillings per year, or at 

 the rate of less than one penny farthing per week. 



The first principle of the society is, that no colonists shall ever be, even 

 for the shortest period, unemployed. With this view, the population is 

 divided and subdivided into bodies, who work under the inspection of 

 different ranks of officers with military precision. A superior director, at 

 first General Van den Bosch himself, superintended the whole establishment. 

 A sub-director presides over one hundred families. These are again divided 

 into twenty-four families, over whom a quarter master is appointed. This 

 division is formed into two sub-divisions, at the head of each of whieh is a 

 section-master, a practical man, who is the example and the instructor of 

 those under his command, in the necessary work which they are to perform. 

 Thus the whole mechanism resembles that of an army divided into sections, 

 companies, battalions, and brigades. In fact, most of the sub-directors and 

 quarter-masters are officers. Military men, when properly qualified, seem 

 the best adapted to execute duties which require implicit obedience towards 

 superiors, and firmness in the enforcement of attention and submission on 

 those under their command. The colonists are summoned to rise at five in 

 summer, and at six in winter, by a bell ; an hour is allowed for their domestic 

 purposes, when, at the second bell, they must assemble before the door of 

 the quarter-master, the roll is called over, and when they have answered to 

 their names, they are led by the section-master to their various occupations. 

 He who does not answer to his name is entitled to no wages for that day, 

 though every kind of labour is paid for by the piece only. After a few years' 

 experience, it has been found that, on an average, the annual excess of 

 produee over subsistence of each of the first fifty-two families established at 

 Fredericks-Oord, has amounted to £ 8 : 2 : 4. \Vhen the society had pro- 

 ceeded with their plan a sufficient length of time to ascertain its stability, 

 and were satisfied of the correctness of the calculations on which it was 

 founded, they naturally wished to extend its influence. They therefore 

 resolved to raise, by loans, to be repaid by instalments in sixteen years, sums 

 equal to the outfit of as many families as should be established in the colony. 

 .As each family required £ 141 : 13 : 4 to settle it, and as three families, one 

 of which consisted of six orphans or foundlings, could be advantageously- 

 classed into one group, the loans were limited to £ 425 Sterling. These 

 might be advanced by individuals, by charitable corporations, by communes, 

 or by the King, either in his individual character, or by the government of 

 which he is the head. The individuals or bodies contributing this sum were 

 to have the privilege of sending to the colony three families, two of them to 

 consist of six paupers each, and the third of six orphaus or foundlings, not 

 under six years of age, with a man and woman, a married couple, if 

 practicable, or, if not, a woman only, to manage for the children. lor the 

 maintenance of each child, the society is to be paid £5 yearly, which 1- t<> 

 , .,» i-r ta< whoh expense, including their education and religious and moral 



