246 Contributions to Physical Geography. 



name of Krillar, who, inspired by the reward which General 

 Emmanouel had offered, set oft' very early, and availed him- 

 self of the morning's frost. 



The descent was extremely difficult from the cause already 

 mentioned, and at seven o'clock in the evening they reached 

 their camp on the banks of the Malka. 

 M. Zenz obtained the following results : 



French feet. 

 Height of the mineral springs of Koustantirogorrk, 1 ,300 



of the limit of snow, - - 10,400 



- of the first station of rocks, - 13,600 



of the station of M. Zenz, >-. 14,830 



— of the summit above M. Zenz's station, 600 



total height of Elbroutz, - 15,400 



The temperature of the air at the limit of snow was 9° 6 

 Reaum. (about 54° Fahr.) At the station of M. Zenz it was 

 19 5 Reaum, (35^° Fahr.) while at the mineral springs it was 

 23 Q (81 Q Fahr.) at the time of the first observation, and 24° 

 (86?) at the time of the second observation. The first of 

 these observations gives 680 feet of difference of level for 

 each octogesimal degree, and the second only 630 feet. 



One of the most interesting results was a magnetic one. 

 They found that the magnetic intensity decreased 0",01 upon 

 24" for every 1000 feet of elevation; a result which M. 

 Kupffer considers as incompatible with the hypothesis of a 

 magnetic nucleus which gives a much weaker decrease. — Ann. 

 de Chim. torn. xlii. p. 105. 



4. Subterranean Hot Spring, called the Baths of Nero, Bay of 

 Baja, near Naples. 



At about thirty feet above the sea, we enter a passage cut 

 out of the tufaceous rock, which conducts us to several apart- 

 ments, which are occasionally appropriated to the service of 

 the invalids who make use of the vapour-baths, and the ne- 

 cessity of partly undressing, which is abundantly enforced by 

 the example of the Gustode himself, together with his tales of 

 wonder, seems to have allayed the curiosity of many visitors, 

 who, in their books, have given us idle tales of danger. It 

 cannot be denied that a first visit is a little startling in these 

 subterranean dwellings of Pluto, and the supersaturation of 

 the air with aqueous vapour gives it a peculiar and stifling 

 feeling, and perhaps there are few who have not felt some 

 disposition to return after advancing thirty or forty yards. 

 The passage is narrrow, perhaps not three feet wide, and on 

 either hand are niches cut out in the tufa where patients may 

 lie exposed to the force of the steam. At a distance of sixty 

 paces from the entrance, during which the path is pretty level, 

 and five or six feet high, the inconvenience derived from heat 



