REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1914. aa: 
Exhibits illustrating steam railway transportation and other uses 
of steam power occupy the northeast section of this hall. In promi- 
nent positions on the floor are two full-sized locomotives of the 
earliest types—the “John Bull,” which is the oldest complete loco- 
motive in America, built in England in 1831 and run on the Camden 
& Amboy Railroad from 1831 to 1868, and the “ Stourbridge Lion,” 
built in England in 1838. In the adjoining wall case are various 
railway appliances and a large number of models of engines and 
coaches, extending back to the first inception of the employment of 
steam as a motor power, many of the engines and coaches being of 
quaint design and the latter showing a gradual departure from the 
stage coach which had served as a pattern. Here also are displayed 
restorations of Hero’s rotary steam engine of 150 B. C.; the Newton 
locomotive of 1680, which was propelled by a jet of steam projected 
backward against the air; Nordelle’s engine of 1784, designed to 
test the action of high-pressure steam in propelling vehicles; Tre- 
vithick’s locomotive of 1804; and many others connecting with the 
ereat traction engines of recent years. In the same section appear 
models of engines designed to utilize compressed air and gas, and 
others illustrating the carrying arts, showing man and beast as 
burden bearers, and the strange vehicles of all times and peoples. 
Most noteworthy in the northern part of the hall is the large and 
unique exhibition of telephone devices, including both originals 
and models, the former in many instances contributed by the in- 
ventors, the latter to a great extent received from the United States 
Patent Office. Six upright cases contain an extensive collection of 
original apparatus illustrating the development of the speaking 
telephone invented by Dr. Alexander Graham Bell, and first put 
into operation in 1875, when its practicability was fully demon- 
strated. The earlier instruments were publicly shown at the Cen- 
tennial Exhibition, in Philadelphia, on June 25, 1876, when they 
were tested by Lord Kelvin, Emperor Dom Pedro, of Brazil, and 
other distinguished persons. It was on that occasion that Lord 
Kelvin, after listening to the insignificant-looking toy, exclaimed, 
“My God! it does speak.” Examples of the centennial telephones 
and several large series of later ones, including various types of 
magneto and battery telephones, with many pieces of apparatus 
used by Dr. Bell in his researches, are included in the installation, 
as are also a set of hand telephones, fitted with ivory cases, made in 
1878 for exhibition to Queen Victoria, and the first desk telephone 
set, constructed in 1877, consisting of two wooden hand telephones 
attached to a wooden base, which is fitted with suitable connecting 
screws and flexible cords. Other apparatus devised by Dr. Bell 
for various purposes are placed next to the telephone exhibits. They 
