REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1914. 65 
experiments by many persons, dating back to the fourth decade of the 
last century, but its discovery can not be ascribed to any one of them. 
The process used to-day was invented and patented by J. W. Swan 
in 1866. A view at Essex, Mass., furnishes an example of the making 
of enlargements through the medium of whey from milk, first pub- 
lished in 1870. The methods of printing in platinum, including the 
bromogelatin emulsion negative, follow. Platinum printing was in- 
vented by William Willis in 1874, the picture produced being com- 
posed of platina black, which is almost indestructible, sepia or brown 
tones being obtained by adding salts of mercury, uranium, or other 
substances. The process has also been used in decorating linen and 
wood. In the next section is a series of pictures showing the uses 
of the various printing-out papers introduced about 1891. Pro- 
ducing results similar in character to the albumen silver print and 
being ready sensitized for use, they have to a considerable extent 
superseded the former. 
An assemblage of apparatus dating from the introduction of 
Frederick Scott Archer’s collodion wet-plate process, 1852, and in- 
cluding many of the most important modifications and improvements 
up to the present time, occupies two of the sections, in which the 
pieces are arranged approximately in the order of their invention. 
Two other sections display the earliest forms of the hand camera, 
together with the latest improvements, accompanying which are a 
number of enlargements mostly made from kodak negatives. A 
large series of kodak cameras and another of mechanical lens shut- 
ters, dating from 1879, are installed in separate cases. 
Important results in photography, mainly recent, are represented 
in several sections, as follows: Portraiture and interior views by 
means of the flash light; the work of some of the leading portrait 
photographers in the United States, showing wonderful advance- 
ment; a series of photographs by H. P. Robinson and others, col- 
lected in 1890, and valued for their pictorial merits without regard 
to process; a series of photographs selected by Mr. Alfred Stieglitz, 
of New York, the work of a number of men and women most emi- 
nent in the pictorial line of photography during the period from 1841 
to 1913; and a large carbon print from a direct flash-light negative by 
Mr. W. S. Lively, president of the Southern School of Photography. 
Under printing by development are displayed prints on bromide 
paper, first produced about 1881 and almost exclusively used for 
making enlargements by projection, and on chloride developing 
paper or gaslight paper, invented about 1898. 
The development of the motion picture is partly illustrated, the 
exhibit including the zodtrope, first used for showing drawings rep- 
resenting motion and afterwards with photographs; a model of the 
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