SOUTH AMERICAN NEMATOGNATHI. 313 



LVI. Hypophthalmus. 



Hypophtlialmus Spix, Pise. Bras. 16, pi. 9, 1829. (sp.) 



Hupophlliahnus Bleeker, Nederl. Tijdschr. Dierkuiide, 

 i, 109, 1863 {edentatui^). 



NotophtkalmiiH Hyrtle, Denk. Ak. Wien, xvi, 17, 1859 

 {m.arginatiiH ^= edentutus). 



PseiulohypojMhahnus Bleeker, 1. c. {tinibriatus. == eden- 

 t((tus). 



Type: Htjpophthalmits edentutus Spix. 



No teeth in the jaws or on the vomer; eye situated be- 

 hind and partly below the level of the angle of the 

 mouth. 



Adipose fin very small; dorsal fin short, with a slightly 

 spinous ray, inserted behind the ventrals; anal long; 

 intermaxillaries very small. Barbels six. 



Gill-openings wide, extending nearly to the symphysis. 

 Air-bladder rudimentary. Ventrals six-rayed. Branch- 

 iostegals 13 or 14. Gill-rakers long and slender; fourth 

 gill-arch entirely free, the first two with a single series of 

 gill-rakers and a broad membrane. 



248- Hypophthalmus edentatus. 



Hiipopthalmus cdentatHs Spix. Pise. Brasil. 16, pi. ix, 1829 (Equato- 

 rial Brazil); Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus. v, 67, 1864 (copied); 

 Cope, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc.xvii, 673, 1878 (Pervivian Amazon); 

 Eigeum. &Eigeum. Proc. Cal. Acad. 2d Ser. i, 120, 1888 (Para). 



Hypophthalmus mar<jinaius Cuv. & Val. Hist. Nat. Poiss. xv, 225, 

 plate 439, 1840 (Cayenne; Surinam); Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. 

 Mus. V, 68, 1864 (copied); Vaillant, Bull. Soc. Philom. Ser. 7, 

 iv, 150, 1880 (Calderon); Wright, Trans. Roy. Soc. Can. iii, 

 sect, iv, 107-118, plates 8-10 (important i^aper on structure). 



Notophthalmus marglnatus Hyrtle, Deuk. Ak. Wien, xvi, 17, 1859 

 (vertebrae 2 + 5 + 54) . 



Hypophthalmus longifilis Cuv. & Val. I.e. xv, 230, 1840 (Surinam); 

 Giiuther,l.c. (Demarara; Surinam); Bleeker, Silures de Suriname, 

 88, 1864 (Surinam). 



Hypophthalmus spixii Cuv. & Val. 1. c. xv, 231, 1840 (copied); 

 Kner, SB. Ak. Wien, xxvi, 446, 1857 (Eio Branco). 



Hypopthnlmua edeniulus Castelnau, Anim. Amer. du Sud, 47, 1855 

 (Amazon). 



